An anti-dazzle imaging camera is provided that includes a photorefractive crystal that is wavelength-agnostic. The photorefractive crystal is configured to receive an optical beam. When the optical beam includes no laser, the photorefractive crystal is configured to pass the optical beam unchanged to an imaging detector. When the optical beam includes a laser, the photorefractive crystal is configured to attenuate the laser to generate a modified optical beam and to pass the modified optical beam to the imaging detector.

A periodically poled microring resonator structure, a method for fabrication of the periodically poled microring resonator structure, and a method to achieve giant single-photon nonlinearity are disclosed. The strong single-photon nonlinearity in the microring resonator structure is achieved through its optimized design and fabrication procedures.

The technology disclosed in this patent document for optical devices for modulating light using nonlinear optical materials exhibiting electro-optical effects. Suitable nonlinear optical materials can be formed over a silicon-based semiconductor substrate via a silicon processing compatible process. In one application, such a device can be implemented for steering light based on a unique two-dimensional array of phased optical modulators using integrated photonic chip fabrication technologies to provide high performance and small footprint device packaging. The phased optical modulators can be phase shifting elements, each of which can be configured as a vertical-cavity surface-emitting phase shifter (VCSEP) to provide effective phase changes via both the control of the optical refractive index of the nonlinear optical material and the metal-dielectric surface plasmon effect.

A device comprising a nonlinear optical (NLO) material according to the formula XLi.sub.2Al.sub.4B.sub.6O.sub.20F. A device comprising a nonlinear optical material (NLO) according to the formula KSrCO.sub.3F, wherein the NLO comprises at least one single crystal. A nonlinear optical material selected from the group consisting of KSrCO.sub.3F Rb.sub.3Ba.sub.3Li.sub.2Al.sub.4B.sub.6O.sub.20F and K.sub.3Sr.sub.3Li.sub.2Al.sub.4B.sub.6O.sub.20F.

A device comprising a nonlinear optical (NLO) material according to the formula XLi.sub.2Al.sub.4B.sub.6O.sub.20F. A device comprising a nonlinear optical material (NLO) according to the formula KSrCO.sub.3F, wherein the NLO comprises at least one single crystal. A nonlinear optical material selected from the group consisting of KSrCO.sub.3F Rb.sub.3Ba.sub.3Li.sub.2Al.sub.4B.sub.6O.sub.20F and K.sub.3Sr.sub.3Li.sub.2Al.sub.4B.sub.6O.sub.20F.

Disclosed is a method of performing a measurement in an inspection apparatus, and an associated inspection apparatus and HHG source. The method comprises configuring one or more controllable characteristics of at least one driving laser pulse of a high harmonic generation radiation source to control the output emission spectrum of illumination radiation provided by the high harmonic generation radiation source; and illuminating a target structure with said illuminating radiation. The method may comprise configuring the driving laser pulse so that the output emission spectrum comprises a plurality of discrete harmonic peaks. Alternatively the method may comprise using a plurality of driving laser pulses of different wavelengths such that the output emission spectrum is substantially monochromatic.

A method of poling and calibrating electro-optic fibers is disclosed. Metal electrodes are used to utilize the electro-optic effect to impart phase delays to the optical signal. Moreover, one or more electrodes may be used for heating of the device to reach softening temperatures of the electro-optic material, which allows easy, effective and efficient poling of the electro-optic material. A method based on continuous or periodic optical feedback is used to automatically calibrate the electro-optic device when its performance degrades with time to relaxation of molecular orientations.

A nonlinear optical crystal has a chemical formula Li.sub.2X.sub.4TiOSi.sub.4O.sub.12, wherein X=K or Rb. The nonlinear optical crystal belongs to tetragonal system with space group P4nc and Z=2. The unit cell parameters of Li.sub.2K.sub.4TiOSi.sub.4O.sub.12 are a=b=11.3336(5) Å, c=5.0017(2) Å; and the unit cell parameters of Li.sub.2Rb.sub.4TiOSi.sub.4O.sub.12 are a=b=11.5038(6) Å, c=5.1435(3) Å. The two crystals are thermally stable and show strong second harmonic generation with high laser damage threshold.

A broad line red light generator is configured with a single mode (SM) pulsed ytterbium (“Yb”) fiber laser pump source outputting pump light in a fundamental mode (“FM”) at a pump wavelength which is selected from a 1030-1120 nm wavelength range. The disclosed generator further includes a SM fiber Raman converter spliced to an output of the Yb fiber laser pump source. The Raman converter induces an “n” order frequency Stokes shift of the pump light to output the pump light at a Raman-shifted wavelength within 1220 and 1300 nm wavelength range with a broad spectral line of at least 10 nm. The disclosed light generator further has a single pass second harmonic generator (“SHG”) with a lithium triborate (“LBO”) nonlinear optical crystal having a spectral acceptance linewidth which is sufficient to cover the broad spectral line of the pump light. The SHG generates a SM pulsed broad-line red light with a broad spectral line of at least 4 nm.

Embodiments of the disclosure provide an apparatus for emitting laser light and a system and method for detecting laser light returned from an object. The system includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter includes one or more laser sources, at least one of the laser sources configured to provide a respective native laser beam having a wavelength above 1,100 nm. The transmitter also includes a wavelength converter configured to receive the native laser beams provided by the laser sources and convert the native laser beams into a converted laser beam having a wavelength below 1,100 nm. The transmitter further includes a scanner configured to emit the converted laser beam to the object in a first direction. The receiver is configured to detect a returned laser beam having a wavelength below 1,100 nm and returned from the object in a second direction.