An optical neural network is constructed based on photonic integrated circuits to perform neuromorphic computing. In the optical neural network, matrix multiplication is implemented using one or more optical interference units, which can apply an arbitrary weighting matrix multiplication to an array of input optical signals. Nonlinear activation is realized by an optical nonlinearity unit, which can be based on nonlinear optical effects, such as saturable absorption. These calculations are implemented optically, thereby resulting in high calculation speeds and low power consumption in the optical neural network.

A method includes: providing input information in an electronic format; converting the electronic input information into an optical input vector; optically transforming the optical input vector into an optical output vector based on an optical matrix multiplication; converting the optical output vector into an electronic format; and electronically applying a non-linear transformation to the electronically converted optical output vector to provide output information in an electronic format. For example, a set of input values are encoded on respective optical signals. For each of at least two subsets of optical signals, a copying module splits the subset into multiple copies of the optical signals. For each copy of a first subset of optical signals, a corresponding multiplication module multiplies the optical signals of the first subset by matrix element values using optical amplitude modulation. A summation module produces an electrical signal representing a sum of the results of the multiplication modules.

Systems and methods that include: providing input information in an electronic format; converting at least a part of the electronic input information into an optical input vector; optically transforming the optical input vector into an optical output vector based on an optical matrix multiplication; converting the optical output vector into an electronic format; and electronically applying a non-linear transformation to the electronically converted optical output vector to provide output information in an electronic format.

In some examples, a set of multiple input values are encoded on respective optical signals carried by optical waveguides. For each of at least two subsets of one or more optical signals, a corresponding set of one or more copying modules splits the subset of one or more optical signals into two or more copies of the optical signals. For each of at least two copies of a first subset of one or more optical signals, a corresponding multiplication module multiplies the one or more optical signals of the first subset by one or more matrix element values using optical amplitude modulation. For results of two or more of the multiplication modules, a summation module produces an electrical signal that represents a sum of the results of the two or more of the multiplication modules.

In the examples provided herein, an optical logic gate includes multiple couplers, where no more than two types of couplers are used in the optical logic gate, and further wherein the two types of couplers consist of: a 3-dB coupler and a weak coupler with a given transmission-to-reflection ratio. The optical logic gate also includes a first resonator, wherein the first resonator comprises a photonic crystal resonator or a nonlinear ring resonator, wherein in operation, the first resonator has a dedicated continuous wave input to bias a complex amplitude of a total field input to the first resonator such that the total field input is either above or below a nonlinear switching threshold of the first resonator, where the optical logic gate is an integrated photonic circuit.

A terahertz wave generation apparatus includes a plurality of laser light sources configured to generate laser beams respectively having different wavelengths; and a terahertz wave generating element configured to receive the laser beams having different wavelengths and generate a terahertz wave from the laser beams. The plurality of laser light sources include fiber laser light sources respectively including parameters that can be controlled independently, and the terahertz wave generating element includes a nonlinear optical crystal.

An optical neural network is constructed based on photonic integrated circuits to perform neuromorphic computing. In the optical neural network, matrix multiplication is implemented using one or more optical interference units, which can apply an arbitrary weighting matrix multiplication to an array of input optical signals. Nonlinear activation is realized by an optical nonlinearity unit, which can be based on nonlinear optical effects, such as saturable absorption. These calculations are implemented optically, thereby resulting in high calculation speeds and low power consumption in the optical neural network.

In the examples provided herein, an optical logic gate includes multiple couplers, where no more than two types of couplers are used in the optical logic gate, and further wherein the two types of couplers consist of: a 3-dB coupler and a weak coupler with a given transmission-to-reflection ratio. The optical logic gate also includes a first resonator, wherein the first resonator comprises a photonic crystal resonator or a nonlinear ring resonator, wherein in operation, the first resonator has a dedicated continuous wave input to bias a complex amplitude of a total field input to the first resonator such that the total field input is either above or below a nonlinear switching threshold of the first resonator, where the optical logic gate is an integrated photonic circuit.

Systems and methods are disclosed for making a quantum network node. A plurality of scoring function F values are calculated for an array of at least two photonic crystal cavity unit cells, each having a lattice constant a and a hole having a length Hx and a width Hy. A value of a, a value of Hx, and a value of Hy are selected for which a scoring function value is at a maximum. A waveguide region and the array of at least two photonic crystal cavity unit cells based on the selected values are formed on a substrate. At least one ion between a first photonic crystal cavity unit cell and a second photonic crystal cavity unit cell are implanted and annealed into a quantum defect. A coplanar microwave waveguide is formed on the substrate in proximity to the array of at least two photonic crystal cavity unit cells.

Systems and methods that include: providing input information in an electronic format; converting at least a part of the electronic input information into an optical input vector; optically transforming the optical input vector into an optical output vector based on an optical matrix multiplication; converting the optical output vector into an electronic format; and electronically applying a non-linear transformation to the electronically converted optical output vector to provide output information in an electronic format.

In some examples, a set of multiple input values are encoded on respective optical signals carried by optical waveguides. For each of at least two subsets of one or more optical signals, a corresponding set of one or more copying modules splits the subset of one or more optical signals into two or more copies of the optical signals. For each of at least two copies of a first subset of one or more optical signals, a corresponding multiplication module multiplies the one or more optical signals of the first subset by one or more matrix element values using optical amplitude modulation. For results of two or more of the multiplication modules, a summation module produces an electrical signal that represents a sum of the results of the two or more of the multiplication modules.

A system and method for efficient sampling of ground-state and low-energy Ising configurations. The system may be implemented using the nonlinear stochastic dynamics of a measurement-feedback-based coherent Ising machine (MFB-CIM). A discrete-time Gaussian-state model of the MFB-CIM may capture the nonlinear dynamics. The system and method requires many fewer roundtrips to sample than for other known systems.