An optical device includes: a first mirror having translucency and including a first reflecting surface extending along a first direction and a second direction intersecting the first direction; a second mirror including a second reflecting surface facing the first reflecting surface; an optical waveguide layer located between the first mirror and the second mirror, the optical waveguide layer including a plurality of non-waveguide areas laid side-by-side along the second direction and one or more optical waveguide areas located between the plurality of non-waveguide areas, the optical waveguide areas containing a liquid crystal material, having a higher average refractive index than do the plurality of non-waveguide areas, and propagating light along the first direction; and two electrode layers facing each other across the optical waveguide layer, at least one of the two electrode layers including a plurality of electrodes laid side-by-side along the second direction.

Disclosed herein are liquid-crystal display (LCD) touch screens that integrate the touch sensing elements with the display circuitry. The integration may take a variety of forms. Touch sensing elements can be completely implemented within the LCD stackup but outside the not between the color filter plate and the array plate. Alternatively, some touch sensing elements can be between the color filter and array plates with other touch sensing elements not between the plates. In another alternative, all touch sensing elements can be between the color filter and array plates. The latter alternative can include both conventional and in-plane-switching (IPS) LCDs. In some forms, one or more display structures can also have a touch sensing function. Techniques for manufacturing and operating such displays, as well as various devices embodying such displays are also disclosed.

According to an aspect, a liquid-crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid-crystal layer. The first substrate includes a first electrode and a second electrode, and one of the first electrode and the second electrode is a pixel electrode provide, the first electrode includes an electrode base portion extending in a first direction and comb tooth portions extending in a second direction and protruding in a comb teeth shape from the electrode base portion with a predetermined distance interposed therebetween, and adjacent comb tooth portions include adjacent comb tooth portions having a relation in which a first long side of one comb tooth portion closest to a boundary between pixels is not parallel to a first long side of the other comb tooth portion.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a liquid crystal composition and its manufacturing method, a display panel and a display device. The liquid crystal composition includes: at least three organic compounds having a general formula of ##STR00001##
in which R.sub.1 is selected from C1 to C12 alkyl or C2 to C12 alkenyl; R.sub.2 is selected from C1 to C12 alkyl, C2 to C12 alkenyl or CF.sub.3; ##STR00002##
are independently selected from ##STR00003##
j, k and m are independently selected from 0, 1, 2 and 3; l and n are independently selected from 1, 2 and 3; and Z is selected from a single bond, C1 to C12 alkyl, C2 to C12 alkenyl, C2 to C12 alkynyl, CF.sub.2O or COO.

According to one embodiment, a display device comprises first and second substrates. The first substrate comprise first and second common electrodes, and a first pixel electrode including a pair of first sides arranged in a first direction. The second common electrode includes first and second trunk portions, and a first branch portion extending from the second trunk portion toward the first trunk portion. The first pixel electrode is located between the trunk portions. The first branch portion overlaps with the first pixel electrode between the first sides. A width of the first pixel electrode between the first sides becomes smaller toward the second trunk portion.

The present disclosure is in the field of an electrophoretic device for switching between a transparent and non-transparent mode, comprising a fluid and particles, electrodes for moving said particles, and comprising various further elements, as well as uses thereof, in particular as a window blind.

A driver circuit includes first to third transistors, a first circuit, and a second circuit. In the first transistor, a first terminal is electrically connected to a second wiring, a second terminal is electrically connected to a first wiring, and a gate is electrically connected to the second circuit and a first terminal of the third transistor. In the second transistor, a first terminal is electrically connected to the first wiring, a second terminal is electrically connected to a sixth wiring, a gate is electrically connected to the first circuit and a gate of the third transistor. A second terminal of the third transistor is electrically connected to the sixth wiring. The first circuit is electrically connected to a third wiring, a fourth wiring, a fifth wiring, and the sixth wiring. The second circuit is electrically connected to the first wiring, the second wiring, and the sixth wiring.

According to one embodiment, a display device includes a first substrate with a first alignment film, a second substrate with a second alignment film, and a liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween. The first substrate has first and second electrodes. An initial alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer is parallel to a first direction or a direction orthogonal to the first direction. The second electrode includes comblike electrodes extending parallel to the first direction and a connecting portion which connects the comblike electrodes. The connecting portion includes a projection which projects in a second direction more than an outermost comblike electrode.

Aspects relate to an integrated and compact attenuated total internal reflection (ATR) spectral sensing device. The spectral sensing device includes a substrate, a spectrometer, and a detector. The substrate includes an ATR element, a microfluidic channel, and a channel interface at a boundary between the ATR element and the microfluidic channel formed therein. The ATR element is configured to receive input light and to direct the input light to the channel interface for total internal reflection of the input light at the channel interface. An evanescent wave produced by a sample contained within the microfluidic channel based on the total internal reflection of the input light attenuates the light output from the ATR element and the resulting output light may be analyzed using the spectrometer and the detector.

Briefly, an intelligent label is disclosed that has two viewable surfaces. Each surface is constructed such that a permanent and irreversible message may be set into each surface independently. That is, a first message may be set into the first viewing surface of the electro-optic material, and another message may be set into the second viewing surface, for example, at a later time. Various constructions are described including a construction using two pairs of stimulating electrodes, and a second construction using a single pair of stimulating electrodes.