The present invention provides for an electroactive device having a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer, and one or more electroactive layers sandwiched between the first and second conductive layers. One or more adjacent layers of the electroactive device may include a physical separation between a first portion and a second portion of the adjacent layers, the physical separation defining a respective tapered sidewall of each of the first and second portions. The one or more adjacent layers may include one of the first and second conductive layers. The remaining layers of the electroactive device may be formed over the physical separation of the one or more adjacent layers. The remaining layers may include the other of the first and second conductive layers.

A collision machine for simulating collisions and a method of simulating collisions. The collision machine includes at least two collision units, each of the collision units comprising a housing, support structures, and at least two collision bodies. The support structures are located on two opposite surfaces of the housing for fixing a liquid crystal panel. The collision bodies are located below the support structures, and top surfaces of the collision bodies are in contact with a display surface of the liquid crystal panel for applying repeated impacts to the liquid crystal panel to generate bubbles in the liquid crystal panel by the repeated impacts. Each the collision bodies comprises a closed casing, a collision body located inside the casing, and a driving device for generating the repeated impacts.

An optical device is disclosed herein. In some embodiments, an optical device includes an active liquid crystal element, wherein the active liquid crystal element comprises two base layers, an active liquid crystal layer disposed between the two base layers, wherein the active liquid crystal layer includes a liquid crystal compound and is capable of switching between first and second oriented states, and a hard coating layer formed on one of the base layers, wherein the hard coating layer is formed on an active liquid crystal layer-facing surface or an opposite surface of the base layer, and wherein the hard coating layer having a thickness of 2 μm or more. The optical device is capable of varying transmittance, and can be used for various applications such as eyewear, for example, sunglasses or AR (augmented reality) or VR (virtual reality) eyewear, an outer wall of a building or a vehicle sunroof.

A display apparatus includes a display panel, a mold frame, and a plurality of cushioning sealing members in which: each cushioning sealing member includes a cushioning material, a first sealing material arranged on a surface of the cushioning material that faces the display panel, and a second sealing material arranged on a surface of the cushioning material that faces the mold frame; one end side in the longitudinal direction of the first sealing material extends to the mold frame so as to cover one end surface in the longitudinal direction of the cushioning material and one end surface in the longitudinal direction of the second sealing material; and one end portion in the longitudinal direction of the first sealing material is attached to the mold frame.

A display apparatus capable of reducing a defect occurrence rate includes a display panel, a metal plate including an opening and located under the display panel to contact a lower surface of the display panel to support the display panel, and a filling layer filling the opening and including a material different from a material of the metal plate.

A wavelength conversion member includes a wavelength conversion layer that contains a phosphor, the wavelength conversion member having a face that has an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 5 μm or more and a maximum height Rz of from 30 to 250 μm.

An optical film includes a resin film, and a shock absorbing layer disposed on at least one surface of the resin film, in which a storage elastic modulus E′ of the shock absorbing layer at 25° C., and a frequency of 10.sup.6 Hz is 1 GPa or less.

A display module and a display device are provided. A first electromagnetic member is disposed on a middle frame, a second electromagnetic member is disposed under a backplate, and an actuation member controls the first electromagnetic member and the second electromagnetic member to work, generating an electromagnetic force generated between the first electromagnetic member and the second electromagnetic member, thereby subjecting the display module to an electromagnetic force opposite to an impact force. Therefore, the display module remains undamaged by an impact and can continue normal operation.

An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a first electronic device unit and a second electronic device unit. The first electronic device unit includes a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate, and a portion of the first substrate protrudes outward a boundary of the second substrate in a first protruding direction perpendicular to a normal direction of the first substrate. The second electronic device unit is connected to the first electronic device unit and includes a third substrate and a fourth substrate disposed opposite to the third substrate, and a portion of the fourth substrate protrudes outward a boundary of the third substrate in a second protruding direction perpendicular to a normal direction of the third substrate. In addition, the portion of the first substrate and the portion of the fourth substrate each includes a grinded portion.

A vehicle includes a display device and the display device includes: a backlight unit provided at a rear side thereof; a display panel provided at a front side of the backlight unit; and an outer cover provided at a front side of the display panel, in which the backlight unit is provided to press the outer cover and be spaced apart from the display panel.