An electroactive optical device that includes an optical substrate; a layer that includes an electroactive material capable of linearly polarizing electromagnetic radiation; at least two transparent electrodes, spaced one from the other, and each independently in contact with the layer containing the electroactive material; a source capable of applying an electric potential between the at least two electrodes; and a birefringent layer. Electromagnetic radiation transmitting through the device includes a first polarization state in the absence of an electrical potential between the at least two electrodes and the electromagnetic radiation transmitting through the device includes a second polarization state that is different from the first polarization state, in the presence of an electrical potential between the at least two electrodes. The electroactive optical device is operable to circularly polarize or elliptically polarize transmitted radiation.

A coating composition, a method for manufacturing a substrate using the same, and an optical device are provided. The method for manufacturing the substrate provides the substrate having excellent performance, as the substrate has fixed spacers on its surface by using a single layer in which nanoparticles and spacers are dispersed in an alignment film to reduce processes and cost. The optical device may be manufactured by such method.

“A dimming glass window and a vehicle. The dimming glass window includes: a glass unit including an inner glass assembly and an outer glass assembly which are oppositely arranged, an accommodation space is between the inner glass assembly and the outer glass assembly; a touch function layer and a dimming function layer arranged between the inner glass assembly and the outer glass assembly, the touch function layer is on an inner side of the dimming function layer; a control unit in the accommodating space and connected to the touch function layer and the dimming function layer; and a dimming controller arranged outside the glass unit, the dimming controller is connected to the control unit by a wire so as to match the control unit, the touch function layer and the dimming function layer to implement light transmittance adjustment of the dimming glass window. The vehicle includes the dimming glass window.”

A light modulation element that can vary between a bright transparent mode and a dark scattering mode is provided. The light modulation element has a first light modulation layer and a second light modulation layer comprising nematic liquid crystals and a dichroic dye in a scattering mode when a voltage is applied. The first light modulation layer and the second light modulation layer are disposed to overlap each other. The light modulation element has an improved contrast ratio and haze-variable characteristics, without precipitation of dichroic dyes and an increase in power consumption.

An optical switching device comprising a polarisation layer and a switching layer which comprises a liquid-crystalline material and a dye compound. Use of the optical switching device for the regulation of the passage of light through an area element. A window element which has the optical switching device therein.

A liquid crystal display device, being widely used in the fields such as electronic tags, electronic papers, business cards and flexible display screens or the like, and a driving method for the liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal display device has an upper substrate, a lower substrate and one or more layers of an encapsulated liquid crystal sandwiched between the upper substrate and the lower substrate. The layers of the encapsulated liquid crystal include two different liquid crystal microcapsules uniformly mixed. Combined with a driving method of a combination of high-low voltage and high-low temperature, a color display effect of high contrast and repeatable writing can be achieved.

A liquid crystal optical element includes a first transparent body which includes a first transparent substrate, a first transparent electrode, and a projection-depression structure; a second transparent body which includes a second transparent substrate and a second transparent electrode; and a liquid-crystal-containing resin layer interposed between the first transparent body and the second transparent body. At least one of a size of a droplet of a droplet structure and a size of a mesh of a network structure in the liquid-crystal-containing resin layer is larger near the first transparent body than near the second transparent body. Alternatively, the liquid-crystal-containing resin layer has: a first region that contains the liquid crystal and does not contain the resin; and a second region that contains both the liquid crystal and the resin.

A display device, in which a plurality of pixels is defined, includes: a first insulating substrate; a polarizer disposed on a surface of the first insulating substrate; a second insulating substrate which faces the surface of the first insulating substrate; and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the polarizer and the second insulating substrate, where the liquid crystal layer includes liquid crystals and a dichroic dye.

An object of the invention is to provide a novel laminate and a novel image display device which have both of a gas barrier function and a polarizer function and have a reduced thickness as compared to those in the related art. A laminate of the invention has a laminate which has a substrate, an inorganic layer, and an organic layer, and the organic layer contains an organic dichroic pigment.

The disclosure generally relates to image displays. Specifically, the application relates to an overlay that, among others, enhances the brightness in image displays with color filters. Much of the incoming light to a reflective image display having a color filter layer is absorbed by the color filter layer and is therefore lost. An overlay embodiment is disclosed herein that disperses and concentrates portions of the incoming light onto specific portions of the display. The amount of light absorbed by the color filter layer may be drastically reduced and instead transmitted through the color filter where the light may be reflected or absorbed by a light modulating layer. The disclosed embodiments increase the efficiency and reflectance of the display.