The invention relates to a field of outdoor (street) illumination, in particular, to methods of controlling light emission, as well as to a field of optical devices, in particular, to methods of reducing light pollution that affects astronomical instruments. The method of reducing impact of light of outdoor illumination devices on astronomical instruments consists in generating a light flow of illumination devices in a form of periodical pulses and in blocking the light flow directed to a light-sensitive matrix of an astronomical instrument during arrival of the light flow pulses of the outdoor illumination devices. Thus, light pollution of astronomical instruments by outdoor illumination devices is avoided.

The invention relates to a field of outdoor (street) illumination, in particular, to methods of controlling light emission, as well as to a field of optical devices, in particular, to methods of reducing light pollution that affects astronomical instruments. The method of reducing impact of light of outdoor illumination devices on astronomical instruments consists in generating a light flow of illumination devices in a form of periodical pulses and in blocking the light flow directed to a light-sensitive matrix of an astronomical instrument during arrival of the light flow pulses of the outdoor illumination devices. Thus, light pollution of astronomical instruments by outdoor illumination devices is avoided.

Disclosed herein are a shutter device, a method of controlling the shutter device, a photolithography machine and a method of controlling an exposure dose thereof. The shutter device includes a light blocking unit and a voice coil motor. The voice coil motor includes a permanent magnet module, a guide track assembly and a coil assembly. The coil assembly is arranged on the guide track assembly, and the permanent magnet module is adapted to produce a magnetic field in the guide track assembly. The light blocking unit includes two shutter blades both connecting to the coil assembly. When energized, the coil assembly will produce a magnetic field having a direction same as or opposite to the direction of the magnetic field in the guide track assembly so that the coil assembly moves forward or backward along the guide track assembly to drive the two shutter blades to open or close.

Disclosed herein are a shutter device, a method of controlling the shutter device, a photolithography machine and a method of controlling an exposure dose thereof. The shutter device includes a light blocking unit and a voice coil motor. The voice coil motor includes a permanent magnet module, a guide track assembly and a coil assembly. The coil assembly is arranged on the guide track assembly, and the permanent magnet module is adapted to produce a magnetic field in the guide track assembly. The light blocking unit includes two shutter blades both connecting to the coil assembly. When energized, the coil assembly will produce a magnetic field having a direction same as or opposite to the direction of the magnetic field in the guide track assembly so that the coil assembly moves forward or backward along the guide track assembly to drive the two shutter blades to open or close.

An image pickup device includes: an image pickup element; a board including an opening through which light entering the image pickup element passes; a shutter opening and closing the opening; an actuator driving the shutter, and including: a rotor; a stator; and first and second coils wound around the stator and not electrically connected to each other; and a drive circuit including plural terminal portions to which the first and second coils are individually connected.

An image pickup device includes: an image pickup element; a board including an opening through which light entering the image pickup element passes; a shutter opening and closing the opening; an actuator driving the shutter, and including: a rotor; a stator; and first and second coils wound around the stator and not electrically connected to each other; and a drive circuit including plural terminal portions to which the first and second coils are individually connected.

A shutter assembly comprises a plurality of shutter blades movable between an open position and a closed position, and a plurality of drive mechanisms arranged circumferentially about the plurality of shutter blades for moving the plurality of shutter blades, wherein each of said drive mechanisms is stable in at least a first position and a second position.

A shutter assembly comprises a plurality of shutter blades movable between an open position and a closed position, and a plurality of drive mechanisms arranged circumferentially about the plurality of shutter blades for moving the plurality of shutter blades, wherein each of said drive mechanisms is stable in at least a first position and a second position.

In a photographing parameter setting method, an electronic device delivers an exposure parameter to hardware at a moment corresponding to an SOF of an Nth frame, so that the new exposure parameter starts to take effect in an (N+2)th frame. In addition, a new aperture parameter is enabled to start to take effect at a moment corresponding to an EOF of the Nth frame, thereby effectively reducing impact of aperture adjustment on the image frame.

In a photographing parameter setting method, an electronic device delivers an exposure parameter to hardware at a moment corresponding to an SOF of an Nth frame, so that the new exposure parameter starts to take effect in an (N+2)th frame. In addition, a new aperture parameter is enabled to start to take effect at a moment corresponding to an EOF of the Nth frame, thereby effectively reducing impact of aperture adjustment on the image frame.