A projection apparatus including a liquid crystal on silicon panel and a processor is provided. The liquid crystal on silicon panel is configured to display a plurality of phase images. The phase images include a first phase image and a second phase image. The processor is coupled to the liquid crystal on silicon panel. The processor is configured to generate and output the phase images to drive the liquid crystal on silicon panel to display the phase images. The processor generates the first phase image according to a first phase information, and the processor generates the second phase image according to the first phase image.

In an electro-optical device, a first polarizing element, a first phase difference element, a transmissive liquid crystal panel, a second phase difference element, and a second polarizing element are sequentially arranged. Here, when a phase difference of the first phase difference element and the second phase difference element is λ/4, an influence of orientation disorder of liquid crystal molecules can be alleviated, but a contrast ratio is reduced. Therefore, when a wavelength of incident light is λ, a phase difference R of the first phase difference element and the second phase difference element satisfies the following condition that 0<R<λ/4, preferably λ/12<R<λ/6. For example, it is assumed that the phase difference R is λ/8.

A reflector includes a reflective film and a substrate, wherein the reflective film is attached to the substrate. Also, an optical system of an LCD (liquid crystal display) projector includes a first reflector, a second reflector, an LED (light emitting diode) light source, a condenser, a collimating lens, an LCD light valve, a field lens and a projection lens, wherein the LED light source, the condenser, the first reflector, the collimating lens, the LCD light valve, the field lens, the second reflector and the projection lens are set in sequence according to a direction of light. The reflector is significantly improved in the reflection efficiency while maintaining the low cost, or the reflector is significantly reduced in the manufacturing cost while achieving the high reflection efficiency, so that the output brightness and the photoelectric efficiency of the projector including the reflector with low cost, which has a very positive effect.

A projection apparatus includes a light source, a light modulation portion, a first mirror, a second mirror, a third mirror, a fourth mirror, and a projection optical system. The light source performs irradiation with light. The light modulation portion modulates the light from the light source. The first mirror, the second mirror, the third mirror, and the fourth mirror reflect an optical image modulated by the light modulation portion. The projection optical system projects the optical image reflected by the first mirror, the second mirror, the third mirror, and the fourth mirror to a projection surface of a projection target object. The first mirror, the second mirror, the third mirror, and the fourth mirror are arranged between the light modulation portion and the projection optical system.

An image display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present technology includes a polarizer, a polarization conversion element, and a ¼ wave plate. The polarizer causes to transmit linearly polarized light having a predetermined polarization direction. The polarization conversion element converts a polarization state of the linearly polarized light transmitted through the polarizer and emits the light as light in a non-polarized state. The ¼ wave plate is arranged on an optical path of the light in the non-polarized state emitted from the polarization conversion element.

A projection display apparatus includes an image light emitter that includes a light modulation element that emits image light, a projection lens unit that projects the image light on a projection target, an optical path separation element, an imaging element that images external light incident via the projection lens unit and the optical path separation element, and a condensing optical system. The optical path separation element transmits a part of the image light to the projection lens unit, and reflects a part of the external light emitted from the projection lens unit to the condensing optical system. The condensing optical system condenses the part of the external light reflected by the optical path separation element on the imaging element. A capturing angle of the external light in the condensing optical system is equal to or less than a condensing angle of a lens F-number of the projection lens unit.

The light emitting device includes a substrate, and a laminated structure provided to the substrate, and including a plurality of columnar parts, wherein the columnar part includes a first semiconductor layer, a second semiconductor layer different in conductivity type from the first semiconductor layer, and a light emitting layer disposed between the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer, the laminated structure includes a third semiconductor layer which is connected to an opposite side to the substrate of the second semiconductor layer, and is same in conductivity type as the second semiconductor layer, the second semiconductor layer is disposed between the light emitting layer and the third semiconductor layer, the third semiconductor layer is provided with a recessed part, an opening of the recessed part is provided to a surface at an opposite side to the substrate side of the third semiconductor layer, and a diametrical size in a bottom of the recessed part is smaller than a diametrical size in the opening of the recessed part.

A projection display apparatus includes a projection lens unit that projects image light and on which external light including the image light reflected by a projection target is incident, an optical path separation prism, a narrowband retarder plate and an imaging element. The optical path separation prism includes the first prism having first and second surfaces, the second prism having a third surface disposed on a side of projection lens unit, a fourth surface facing the second surface and a fifth surface, and the polarization separation coating being disposed between the second surface and the fourth surface. The narrowband retarder plate aligns the image light into a first polarization state. Light in a second polarization state in the external light is reflected by the polarization separation coating, is totally internally reflected by the third surface, is emitted from the fifth surface, and is received by the imaging element.

The present invention includes systems and methods for a multi-primary color system for display. A multi-primary color system increases the number of primary colors available in a color system and color system equipment. Increasing the number of primary colors reduces metameric errors from viewer to viewer. One embodiment of the multi-primary color system includes Red, Green, Blue, Cyan, Yellow, and Magenta primaries. The systems of the present invention maintain compatibility with existing color systems and equipment and provide systems for backwards compatibility with older color systems.

A light emitting device includes: at least one semiconductor laser element; and a light-transmissive member including: an upper surface, a lower surface, and a light-transmissive region through which laser light emitted from the at least one semiconductor laser element is transmitted from the lower surface to the upper surface, wherein: at least the light-transmissive region is made of sapphire, the light-transmissive member includes an incident surface on which the laser light is incident, the incident surface being an a-plane of the sapphire, and the light-transmissive member is oriented such that a polarization direction of the laser light incident on the incident surface is parallel or perpendicular to a c-axis of the sapphire in a top view.