A marker (10) includes a lenticular lens (11) formed from a translucent material to have a plurality of convex portions (13) positioned to line up in, for example, at least one direction. The optical axes (OA1) of the convex portions (13) all intersect with an optical reference point (OP) on the product optical axis (PA). The optical axes (OA1) of the convex portions (13) are all orthogonal with and pass through the center of the bottom surfaces of grooves (14). Colored portions (15) are accommodated in the grooves (14).

A three-dimensional display device includes an image display, one or more color-generating refractors, and a viewpoint refractor. The image display is configured to use color generators arranged in a longitudinal direction and a lateral direction to display parallax images, two or more of the color generators acting as a pixel element for a single pixel. The color-generating refractor is configured to, while transmitting light emitted via the color generators, diverge or converge the light at a preset angle for each of the color generators. The viewpoint refractor is configured to refract the light toward respective viewpoints while transmitting the light transmitted through the color-generating refractor.

A method for manufacturing a stereoscopic image forming device includes a process of molding, from a first transparent resin, molding base materials 22 each including inclined surfaces 17 and vertical surfaces 18 on one side of a transparent plate member 16, a process of manufacturing a pair of intermediate base materials 28 by forming mirror surfaces on the vertical surfaces 18 of the respective molding base materials 22, and a process of manufacturing first and second optical control panels 13 and 14 integrated together by making the pair of intermediate base materials 28 face each other so that their vertical surfaces 18 are orthogonal to each other in a plan view, and joining together the intermediate base materials by filling the grooves 19 with a second transparent resin with a lower melting point than and a refractive index equal or approximate to the first transparent resin.

A device for projecting a time variable optical pattern onto an object that is to be measured in three dimensions, the device comprising a frame for an optical pattern; a light source with optional illumination optics; and imaging optics, wherein the optical pattern is on slide that is attached to a movement mechanism that moves the optical pattern relative to the optional illumination optics and/or relative to the imaging optics, wherein the movement mechanism causes a movement of the optical pattern in a slide plane that is oriented orthogonal to an optical axis of the imaging optics.

A device for projecting a time variable optical pattern onto an object that is to be measured in three dimensions, the device comprising a frame for an optical pattern; a light source with optional illumination optics; and imaging optics, wherein the optical pattern is on slide that is attached to a movement mechanism that moves the optical pattern relative to the optional illumination optics and/or relative to the imaging optics, wherein the movement mechanism causes a movement of the optical pattern in a slide plane that is oriented orthogonal to an optical axis of the imaging optics.

A time delay error occurring in the case of acquiring two holograms (object hologram and reference hologram) necessary for reconstruction in the related art or in the case of acquiring four physical holograms having different phase shift degrees may be removed. DC noise (including background noise) may be completely removed by using a software-implemented phase shifting method.

A time delay error occurring in the case of acquiring two holograms (object hologram and reference hologram) necessary for reconstruction in the related art or in the case of acquiring four physical holograms having different phase shift degrees may be removed. DC noise (including background noise) may be completely removed by using a software-implemented phase shifting method.

A three-dimensional display apparatus includes a display panel and an optical element. The display panel includes a display surface. The display surface extends in a first direction, extends in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction. The first direction corresponds to a parallax direction of user's eyes seeing an image. The display surface curves around a central axis extending in the second direction. The display surface includes subpixels arranged in a grid pattern in the first direction and the second direction within the display surface. The optical element is arranged along the display surface, and the optical element includes strip-shaped regions, each of which extends in a certain direction. The optical element is configured to define a beam direction of image light emitted from the subpixels. The display surface forms an arc in a cross-section that is orthogonal to the second direction. A position of an eye box, in the first direction, is set to a position within a distance r sin from the center of the arc. The r represents a diameter of the arc. The represents an angle formed by a linear line connecting between a first direction edge of the display panel and a center of the arc and a linear line connecting between a first direction center of the display panel and the center of the arc viewed in the second direction. The eye box is an acceptable range of a position of the user's eyes when the user sees the image.

An image projection system may include a translucent or transparent projection screen and multiple lenticules disposed on or within the projection screen. The image projection system may also include a projector to project multiple images onto the projection screen. The images may include multiple views of a scene, and the projector may simultaneously project the images to generate a three-dimensional display of the scene.

An image processing apparatus includes: an initial solution generator that generates, from input images, as an initial solution, internal data of one or more screen images of a layered image, the layered image including multiple screen images consisting of the one or more screen images and one end image; an image generator that iterates a process of generating internal data of the multiple screen images; and a controller that, when a termination condition is satisfied, outputs, as data of the layered image, the finally generated internal data of the multiple screen images. The image generator generates internal data of the multiple screen images from the initial solution in a first round of the process, and then until the termination condition is satisfied, in each round of the process, generates new internal data of the multiple screen images from the internal data generated in the previous round of the process.