An electrophotographic member includes a base layer and an elastic layer on the base layer, wherein the elastic layer includes a matrix rubber, an ionic liquid including an anion and a cation, and an inorganic layered double hydroxide compound, wherein the anion is at least one selected from the group consisting of structural formulae (1) to (3), the cation is at least one selected from the group consisting of structural formulae (4) to (7), and the inorganic layered double hydroxide compound has an average value of interlayer distances of 4 or larger and 8 or smaller, which are measured by XRD.

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member that suppresses an image defect resulting from its support and is reduced in long-term potential fluctuation. The electrophotographic photosensitive member is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support having a cylindrical shape and a photosensitive layer formed on the support, wherein the support has a surface formed of Al and/or an Al alloy, and wherein the IR peak area ratio A of the surface of the support determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy satisfies the following condition: A0.50 where the IR peak area ratio A represents a ratio a/z of a peak area a in the range of from 1,016 cm.sup.1 or more to 1,130 cm.sup.1 or less to a peak area z in the range of from 650 cm.sup.1 or more to 1,130 cm.sup.1 or less.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, an undercoat layer that is provided on the conductive substrate and contains zinc oxide particles and a binder resin, a charge generation layer that is provided on the undercoat layer and contains a titanium-containing organic pigment and a binder resin, and a charge transport layer that is provided on the charge generation layer, in which, in a distribution of respective atomic concentrations in a thickness direction of the charge generation layer, the maximum value of a ratio Ti/C of a Ti atomic concentration to a C atomic concentration is more than 0.075, a depth from an outer peripheral surface of the charge generation layer to a position where the ratio Ti/C is the maximum value is 48.2% or less of a total thickness of the charge generation layer, and a depth from the outer peripheral surface of the charge generation layer to a position where the ratio Ti/C is more than 0.07 is 24.9% or less of the total thickness of the charge generation layer.

An electrophotographic belt has a surface layer, wherein the surface layer includes a (meth)acrylic resin, a porous-spherical particle, and an electroconductive particle different from the porous-spherical particle; in an outermost surface of the surface layer, a surface of the porous-spherical particle is coated with the (meth)acrylic resin and the electroconductive particle; the ten-point average roughness Rz (according to JIS B 0601-1994) of the outermost surface of the surface layer is 0.5 times or larger and smaller than 2 times an average primary particle diameter of the porous-spherical particles; and an average spacing between local peaks S (according to JIS B 0601-1994) on the outermost surface of the surface layer is 4 times or larger and smaller than 30 times the average primary particle diameter of the porous-spherical particles.