Shaping a photoconductive drum includes preparing a dispersion having a charge generation composition and dipping an elongated support element into the dispersion. Withdrawing from the dispersion portions of the support element at different speeds results in different thicknesses of charge generation composition on the support element. Faster withdrawal results in thicker charge generation composition than does slower withdrawal. Portions with thicker composition provide denser optical densities compared to thinner composition allowing tailoring the photoconductive drum to compensate for imperfect optical scanning systems. Coating the support element with a charge transport layer occurs next, then curing. Oxidation of the support element may occur prior to application of the charge generation composition. A protective overcoat may also exist over the charge transport layer.

Shaping a photoconductive drum includes preparing a dispersion having a charge generation composition and dipping an elongated support element into the dispersion. Withdrawing from the dispersion portions of the support element at different speeds results in different thicknesses of charge generation composition on the support element. Faster withdrawal results in thicker charge generation composition than does slower withdrawal. Portions with thicker composition provide denser optical densities compared to thinner composition allowing tailoring the photoconductive drum to compensate for imperfect optical scanning systems. Coating the support element with a charge transport layer occurs next, then curing. Oxidation of the support element may occur prior to application of the charge generation composition. A protective overcoat may also exist over the charge transport layer.

The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising, on a conductive base: a charge generation layer; and a charge transport layer having a film thickness of 15 μm to 40 μm, wherein the charge transport layer is an outermost layer, and the charge transport layer contains an inorganic filler and a hydrocarbon compound represented by the following Formula (1).

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an intermediate layer, a photosensitive layer, and a surface layer laminated on a conductive support in this order, wherein a cured product of a polymerizable monomer contains an electron transport agent and n-type metal oxide fine particles to which a reactive organic group is bonded in the surface layer.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes: a conductive base body and a photosensitive layer, in which an outermost surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains fluorine-containing resin particles, and in which a fluorine atom concentration at a surface of the outermost surface layer is 1.5 to 5.0 times a fluorine atom concentration at a depth of 1 μm from the surface of the outermost surface layer, or in which a number density ratio of aggregates of the fluorine-containing resin particles in a second region defined in this specification, to aggregates of he fluorine-containing resin particles in a first region defined in this specification is less than 0.95, and a ratio of an area ratio of the fluorine-containing resin particles in the second region, to an area ratio of the flourine-containing resin particles in the first region is within a range of 1±0.1.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes: a conductive base body and a photosensitive layer, in which an outermost surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains fluorine-containing resin particles, and in which a fluorine atom concentration at a surface of the outermost surface layer is 1.5 to 5.0 times a fluorine atom concentration at a depth of 1 μm from the surface of the outermost surface layer, or in which a number density ratio of aggregates of the fluorine-containing resin particles in a second region defined in this specification, to aggregates of he fluorine-containing resin particles in a first region defined in this specification is less than 0.95, and a ratio of an area ratio of the fluorine-containing resin particles in the second region, to an area ratio of the flourine-containing resin particles in the first region is within a range of 1±0.1.

As an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a protective layer (an outermost layer), a photosensitive layer and a conductive support, wherein the protective layer (the outermost layer) comprises a polymer obtained by polymerizing a compound having a chain polymerizable functional group, and the photosensitive layer comprises a hole transport material satisfying the following formula (1) and an electron transport material satisfying the following formula (2):

600≤a  (1)

400≤b  (2) in the formula (1), a represents a molecular weight of the hole transport material, and in the formula (2), b represents a molecular weight of the electron transport material.

Provided is an electrophotographic belt including at least: a base layer; and a surface layer containing the following A, B, and C: A: a compound 1 having structures represented by formula (I) and formula (II): ##STR00001##
in the formula (I), R1 represents a linking group, and R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; ##STR00002##
in the formula (II), R3 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or a methyl ester group, R4 represents a linking group, R5 represents a methyl group or a tert-butyl group, and “m” represents an integer of from 25 to 100;
B: perfluoropolyether;
C: a binder resin.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive support having a thickness of 3 mm or more, a photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive support, and a surface protection layer disposed on the photosensitive layer, in which the surface protection layer is a layer composed of a film formed by curing a composition including a reactive group-containing charge transporting material including a reactive group and a charge transporting skeleton in the same molecule, or a film formed by curing a composition including an unreactive charge transporting material and a reactive group-containing non-charge transporting material that does not include a charge transporting skeleton and includes a reactive group, and the ratio of the degree of cure of the conductive support-side surface of the surface protection layer which faces the conductive support to the degree of cure of the outer periphery-side surface of the surface protection layer which serves as the outer periphery is 75% or more.

Provided is an electrophotographic photoconductor including an outermost surface layer containing inorganic compound microparticles that have a number mean primary particle diameter of 10-40 nm and are dispersed uniformly into the outermost surface layer at a proportion of 7-18% by mass in the outermost surface layer, wherein in slicing the outermost surface layer in its stacking direction with a thickness of 70 nm, observing a strip-shaped sample piece thus obtained in scanning transmission electron microscopy, converting a cross-sectional image thus obtained to an 8-bit binary image, and observing any 50 regions from regions having a 5 μm×5 μm observation field of view in the binary image, the following formula is met: 0.5≤S.sub.Ave/N≤2.0, and wherein a maximum gap region has a size of 1.0 μm or less when represents a space with absence of the inorganic compound microparticles converted to an equivalent circle diameter.