Herein is disclosed an electrostatic ink composition, wherein the composition is formable by combining: chargeable particles comprising a resin comprising a polymer having acidic side groups, and a cyclic anhydride. Also disclosed herein is a method of forming an electrostatic ink composition, and a method of electrostatic printing.

An image forming apparatus includes an image holding member, a first charging unit that charges a surface of the image holding member, a latent image forming unit that forms an electrostatic latent image on a charged surface of the image holding member, a second charging unit that charges a toner contained in a liquid developer, a developing unit that accommodates the liquid developer and develops the electrostatic latent image by using the liquid developer containing the toner charged by the second charging unit to form a toner image, a transfer unit that transfers the toner image to a recording medium, and a fixing unit that fixes the toner image to the recording medium. The liquid developer includes a toner in which a compound having a charge-accepting functional group has been bonded to a surface of toner particles, an ionization-controlling agent that ionizes the charge-accepting functional group, and a carrier liquid.

An image forming apparatus includes an image holding member, a first charging unit that charges a surface of the image holding member, a latent image forming unit that forms an electrostatic latent image on a charged surface of the image holding member, a second charging unit that charges a toner contained in a liquid developer, a developing unit that accommodates the liquid developer and develops the electrostatic latent image by using the liquid developer containing the toner charged by the second charging unit to form a toner image, a transfer unit that transfers the toner image to a recording medium, and a fixing unit that fixes the toner image to the recording medium. The liquid developer includes a toner in which a compound having a charge-accepting functional group has been bonded to a surface of toner particles, an ionization-controlling agent that ionizes the charge-accepting functional group, and a carrier liquid.

Provided is an image forming apparatus including a first holding member that is rotated and holds a liquid developer including a volatile carrier liquid, a first cleaning member that is able to come into contact with or separated from the first holding member and cleans a surface of the first holding member by being in contact with the first holding member, a supplying device that supplies a volatile washing liquid to the first holding member at an upstream side of the first cleaning member in a rotation direction of the first holding member, and a switching mechanism that switches a first state in which the first cleaning member is in contact with the first holding member that is rotated to a second state in which the first cleaning member is separated from the first holding member that is rotated to apply the washing liquid to the first holding member.

Provided is an image forming apparatus including a first holding member that is rotated and holds a liquid developer including a volatile carrier liquid, a first cleaning member that is able to come into contact with or separated from the first holding member and cleans a surface of the first holding member by being in contact with the first holding member, a supplying device that supplies a volatile washing liquid to the first holding member at an upstream side of the first cleaning member in a rotation direction of the first holding member, and a switching mechanism that switches a first state in which the first cleaning member is in contact with the first holding member that is rotated to a second state in which the first cleaning member is separated from the first holding member that is rotated to apply the washing liquid to the first holding member.

Provided is an image forming apparatus including a first holding member that is rotated and holds a liquid developer including a volatile carrier liquid, a first cleaning member that is able to come into contact with or separated from the first holding member and cleans a surface of the first holding member by being in contact with the first holding member, a supplying device that supplies a volatile washing liquid to the first holding member at an upstream side of the first cleaning member in a rotation direction of the first holding member, and a switching mechanism that switches a first state in which the first cleaning member is in contact with the first holding member that is rotated to a second state in which the first cleaning member is separated from the first holding member that is rotated to apply the washing liquid to the first holding member.

Herein is disclosed a magenta liquid electrostatic ink composition comprising chargeable particles comprising a resin, a pigment, a liquid carrier in which the chargeable particles are dispersed, and a charge director, wherein the resin is formable from polymerising alkylene monomers and methacrylic or acrylic acid monomers, the pigment is selected from pigment violet 19 type .sup.I pigment violet 19 type .sup.II pigment violet 19 type , pigment violet 19 type , pigment red 177, pigment red 208, pigment red 122 and pigment violet 32, and the liquid electrostatic ink composition lacks any other types of pigment. Also disclosed herein is a method of electrostatic printing and a print substrate having printed thereon the magenta liquid electrostatic ink composition.

Provided is a recorded material in which a recording liquid is satisfactorily fixed to a recording medium and which has a sufficient chroma and a sufficient lightness, in high-speed printing. The recorded material comprises a recording medium, a toner particle including colorant particles, and a cured resin including the toner particle and fixing a toner image formed of the toner particle onto the recording medium, wherein an average circularity of the toner particle is not less than 0.70 and not more than 0.99, the toner particle is not exposed from a surface of the cured resin, and an average distance between wall surfaces of the adjacent toner particles is not less than 10 nm and less than 125 nm.

A liquid developer includes a toner in which a compound having a charge-accepting functional group has been bonded to a surface of toner particles, and a carrier liquid which makes a charge density of a surface of the toner become 1 C/m.sup.2 or less when the toner is dispersed in the carrier liquid.

A developing device, includes a developing member that forms a first nip with a latent image forming member on which a latent image is formed, and develops the latent image as a toner image using a developer containing a toner and a first liquid, a first supply member that forms a second nip with the developing member, and supplies the developer to the developing member, and a second supply member that faces the developing member at an upstream of the first nip in the developing member in a rotation direction of the developing member and at a downstream of the second nip, and supplies a second liquid to the developing member.