Provided is an intermediate transfer member containing a thermoplastic resin and carbon black. The carbon black has a structure volume of 50 or more and 250 or less, and a content of the carbon black is from 15.0 mass % to 30.0 mass % with respect to the intermediate transfer member. When a region ranging from an inner peripheral surface on a back side with respect to an outer peripheral surface on which a toner image is borne to 10 μm in a thickness direction is defined as an inner peripheral surface region, a value of an L-function indicating dispersibility of the carbon black with respect to the thermoplastic resin in the inner peripheral surface region is 150 nm or less.

An image forming apparatus 100, which carries out constant-voltage control of a voltage applied to a transfer member 8 and is capable of executing limiter control for controlling the voltage applied to the transfer member 8 based on a detection result of a current detecting portion 21 so that the detection result falls within a predetermined range, is capable of executing a first mode in which a toner image is transferred onto a recording material P and a second mode in which a plurality of test toner images are transferred onto the recording material P by applying a plurality of different voltages to the transfer member 8, and a controller 50 is capable of carrying out the limiter control while the recording material P passes through the transfer portion 8 in executing the first mode and does not carry out the limiter control while an area onto which the plurality of test images are transferred passes through a transfer portion N2 in executing the second mode.

A toner set and an image forming method, both of which can print a full-color image that is superior in gradation and color reproducibility of an image including a higher-order color and superior in continuous printing durability. When one color toner selected from the group consisting of the color toners included in the toner set is defined as a first toner and other color toners are defined as second toners, an internal friction angle θ1 (°) of the first toner and an internal friction angle θ2 (°) of each of the second toners satisfy relationships represented by the following formulae (1) and (2), and a first image developed with the first toner and second images developed with the second toners are transferred in this order on a recording medium or a transfer medium to form an image including a higher-order color:

θ1<θ2  Formula (1):

1°≤θ2−θ1≤3°.  Formula (2):

An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive member, an intermediate transfer body including a surface layer that includes an acrylic resin and a fluorine-containing polyether, first and second transfer units, and an intermediate transfer body cleaning unit that includes a cleaning blade including a tetrahedral amorphous carbon layer disposed on a surface of a contact portion of the cleaning blade, the contact portion being arranged to contact the intermediate transfer body, and removes a residual toner by bringing the cleaning blade into contact with the intermediate transfer body. Linear velocities of the intermediate transfer body and the photosensitive member are adjusted to satisfy a requirement (1): Requirement (1): 0.3≤|Linear velocity of Intermediate transfer body−Linear velocity of Photosensitive member|/Linear velocity of Intermediate transfer body×100≤1.5.

An image forming apparatus includes a rotatable photosensitive member, a charging member, a developing member, a transfer member, a voltage applying portion, and a controller. The controller is capable of changing a trailing end voltage to a first trailing end voltage smaller than a transfer voltage applied to the transfer member by the voltage applying portion when a toner image is transferred from the photosensitive member to a recording material and to a second trailing end voltage larger than the first trailing end voltage. In an image forming operation after rotation of the photosensitive member is stopped in a state in which the image forming operation is not completed, the controller carries out control so that the second trailing end voltage is applied when a trailing end of the recording material with respect to a feeding direction passes through a transfer portion.

A transfer member includes: an inner layer; an outer layer provided on an outer periphery of the inner layer; and a surface layer provided on an outer periphery of the outer layer, both end portions of the surface layer in circumferential directions extending in the circumferential directions from both end portions of the outer layer in the circumferential directions.

An intermediate transfer unit includes an intermediate transfer belt, a. driving roller, a. tension roller, and a roller supporting frame. The roller supporting frame includes first and second supporting frames, and has a coupling portion formed on it. The coupling portion includes a rotary shaft and a. shall hole. The roller supporting frame shifts from a first state to a second state by rotating the first supporting frame in the forward direction to have the intermediate transfer belt wound around it. The rotary shaft includes a projection. A shaft hole has a restricting wall portion. As the first supporting frame in the second state rotates in the forward direction, the projection makes contact with the restricting wall portion to restrict rotation of the first supporting frame in the forward direction.

An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a transfer member, a moving portion, a driving portion, a voltage applying portion, a first detecting portion, and a second detecting portion. On the basis of a detection result of the first detecting portion when a first test voltage is applied to the transfer member by the voltage applying portion, the second detecting portion sets a second test voltage. The second detecting portion detects a position of the transfer member on the basis of a detection result of a current value by the first detecting portion acquired when the second test voltage is applied to the transfer member by the voltage applying portion.

A belt driving device includes an adjustment roller to stretch and rotate an endless belt; an inclination adjuster including a cam to adjust inclination of the roller to control deviation of the belt; a belt position detector to detect a belt position in a direction orthogonal to a movement direction of the belt; a stepping motor to rotate the cam; and a control output adjuster to adjust a control output to be supplied to the motor based on the belt position. When obtaining a rotation angle less than one step of the motor, the control output adjuster supplies the control output to the motor for a time corresponding to the rotation angle less than the one step out of a supply time of the control output for obtaining a rotation angle of the one step, and stops supplying the control output for a remaining time out of the supply time.

An image forming apparatus includes a first image forming portion, a second image forming portion, a belt, a charging voltage applying portion, and a transfer voltage applying portion. With respect to a movement direction of a recording material, the first image forming portion is provided upstream of the second image forming portion. In an image forming operation, a potential difference between a first transfer voltage and a potential at a first transfer portion, which is formed on a first image bearing member and does not form the image, is greater than a potential difference between a second transfer voltage and a potential at a second transfer portion, which is formed on a second image bearing member and does not form an image.