An image forming apparatus includes a print head, a detector, and a controller. The print head includes one or more light emitting element arrays, each light emitting element array includes a plurality of light emitting elements. The detector is configured to detect an emission time of the print head that emits light according to image data. The controller is configured to control a time interval to a print start corresponding to second image data, the second image data following first image data, based on a detection result of an emission time corresponding to the first image data.

A controller which causes a light emitting element to continuously perform minute emission for a plurality of dots in a level in which toner is not attached to a non-image section on an image bearing member is provided. The controller controls a first driving current for an image section and controls a second driving current used to perform the minute emission by the light emitting element in the non-image section several times in one job. In the image section, a driving current obtained by adding the first driving current to the second driving current is supplied so that the light emitting element emits light.

A method and apparatus for thermal transfer printing onto selected regions of a substrate are disclosed. The method comprises: a) providing a transfer member having an imaging surface; b) coating the imaging surface with particles formed of, or coated with, a thermoplastic polymer; c) removing substantially all particles that are not in direct contact with the imaging surface to leave a uniform monolayer particle coating on the imaging surface; d) applying energy to selected regions of the imaging surface to heat and render tacky particles of corresponding regions of the monolayer coating; and e) pressing at least portions of the imaging surface and the substrate surface against one another, either during and/or after application of energy, to cause transfer to the surface of the substrate of the particles of the corresponding regions that have been rendered tacky. The monolayer coating can be replenished with new particles and the cycle repeated.

There is disclosed a layered article that can be used in indirect printing, in analog or digital processes. The layered article, when configured as a transfer member, may serve to receive an ink in any form, allow the ink to be treated so as to form an ink image, and permit the application of the ink image on a substrate. The transfer member comprises a support layer and an imaging layer, which may be formed of a silicon matrix including dispersed carbon black particles. Methods for preparing the same are also disclosed.

For a dither matrix used when converting multivalued data into image data for an output apparatus, thresholds are set such that a first dot and a second dot alternately become larger until both of the first dot and the second dot reach a first dot size, after both of the first dot and the second dot reach the first dot size, the first dot becomes larger until the first dot reaches a second dot size while the second dot does not become larger, and, thereafter, the second dot becomes larger until the second dot reaches the second dot size while the first dot does not become larger, and after both of the first dot and the second dot reach the second dot size, the first dot and the second dot alternately become larger.

For a dither matrix used when converting multivalued data into image data for an output apparatus, thresholds are set such that a first dot and a second dot alternately become larger until both of the first dot and the second dot reach a first dot size, after both of the first dot and the second dot reach the first dot size, the first dot becomes larger until the first dot reaches a second dot size while the second dot does not become larger, and, thereafter, the second dot becomes larger until the second dot reaches the second dot size while the first dot does not become larger, and after both of the first dot and the second dot reach the second dot size, the first dot and the second dot alternately become larger.

A print head includes a memory, an input and output unit, and a plurality of light emitting elements. The memory is configured to store a first light quantity value obtained by measuring a light quantity of each of the plurality of light emitting elements when supplied with a first reference current value, and a light quantity difference value between the first light quantity value and a second light quantity value obtained by measuring a light quantity of each of the plurality of light emitting elements when supplied with a second reference current value. The input and output unit is configured to output the first light quantity value and the light quantity difference value and receive a correction value determined based on the first light quantity value and the light quantity difference value. The light emitting elements are configured to emit light based on a correction current value corresponding to the correction value.

A semiconductor light-emitting device includes a semiconductor stacked structure including a light-emitting layer, a metal electrode provided over the semiconductor stacked structure and having an opening for externally emitting a light emitted from the light-emitting layer, and a transparent electrode provided over the semiconductor stacked structure inside the opening and over the metal electrode.

For a dither matrix used when converting multivalued data into image data for an output apparatus, thresholds are set such that: a first dot and a second dot alternately become larger until both of the first dot and the second dot reach a first dot size; after both of the first dot and the second dot reach the first dot size, the first dot becomes larger until the first dot reaches a second dot size while the second dot does not become larger, and thereafter, the second dot becomes larger until the second dot reaches the second dot size while the first dot does not become larger; and after both of the first dot and the second dot reach the second dot size, the first dot and the second dot alternately become larger.

For a dither matrix used when converting multivalued data into image data for an output apparatus, thresholds are set such that: a first dot and a second dot alternately become larger until both of the first dot and the second dot reach a first dot size; after both of the first dot and the second dot reach the first dot size, the first dot becomes larger until the first dot reaches a second dot size while the second dot does not become larger, and thereafter, the second dot becomes larger until the second dot reaches the second dot size while the first dot does not become larger; and after both of the first dot and the second dot reach the second dot size, the first dot and the second dot alternately become larger.