An image forming apparatus at least includes: an image bearing member; a developer container; a developer carrying member; and a controller that controls a power source that applies a voltage to the developer carrying member, wherein the developer carrying member has at least a base and a surface layer, the surface layer has an electron donating portion that mainly donates charge to the developer when the developer and the surface layer makes frictional contact to exchange charge and an electron accepting portion that mainly accepts charge from the developer, and the controller applies an AC voltage to the developer carrying member during a period in which an image forming operation is not performed and the developer carrying member is driven, the AC voltage being different from that applied during an image forming period.

An image formation system includes: an image former that forms an image on a continuous sheet; a slack generator that is arranged upstream of the image former in a sheet conveyance direction and generates slack on the continuous sheet; and a sheet characteristic detector that is arranged upstream of the slack generator in the sheet conveyance direction and detects a sheet characteristic of the continuous sheet.

A server includes a transceiver and a controller. The transceiver is configured to facilitate communication with a plurality of image forming apparatuses. The controller is configured to receive adjustment information from each of the plurality of images forming apparatuses, determine an updated adjustment value to be used in each of the plurality of image forming apparatuses based on the adjustment information received from of each of the plurality of image forming apparatuses, and transmit adjustment update information including the updated adjustment value to each of the plurality of image forming apparatuses.

An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive drum, a charging device, an exposing device, a developing device, and a cleaning device. The cleaning device includes a toner keeping member, which has toner keeping portions disposed respectively at opposite end sides of a polishing roller along its axial direction with a gap from an outer circumferential surface of the polishing roller to keep between themselves and the polishing roller toner removed off an outer circumferential surface of the photosensitive drum. The toner keeping portions extend along the axial direction of the polishing roller, and of each toner keeping portion, one end part along the axial direction is located outward of an end part of a guaranteed development region but inward of an end part of a developing roller and another end part is located outward of an end part of the polishing roller.

A printing apparatus according to an embodiment may include: a printing device; a cooling device; an environmental value detector configured to detect an environmental value in or around the printing apparatus; an environmental value storage storing the environmental value detected by the environmental value detector before a current printing operation starts; and a print controller configured, in response to starting the current printing operation, to select one of the environmental value stored in the environmental value storage before the start of the current printing operation and an environmental value detected by the environmental value detector after a start of cooling the printing device by the cooling device in the current printing operation, calculate, based on the selected environmental value, a parameter for the printing device to perform the current printing operation, and cause the printing device to perform the current printing operation based on the calculated parameter.

An image forming apparatus includes a housing, a drawer, an operation panel, and a sensor. The housing includes a first side wall having a first opening, and a second side wall having a vent and extending in a direction crossing the first side wall. The drawer supports a cartridge. The drawer is movable through the first opening between an inner position at which the drawer is accommodated in the housing and an outer position at which a part of the drawer is exposed to outside the housing. At least part of the operation panel protrudes from an outer surface of the second side wall. The sensor is arranged in the housing between the drawer and the second side wall. The sensor is configured to detect at least temperature or humidity of ambient air taken in through the vent.

According to an embodiment, a fixing device includes rotating body that is rotatably supported, a heater that heats the rotating body, a pressing body that is pressed against the rotating body to form a nip through which print media passes to a media conveyance path, and a water vapor discharge passage downstream of the nip from rotating body. The water vapor discharge passage is separate and distinct from the media conveyance path. The fixing device may be used in image forming apparatuses and the like.

An image forming apparatus includes a housing, a conveying member not used in simplex printing, a duct, a blower, and control circuitry. The duct includes an intake and an opening. The intake is disposed at a first end of the duct. The intake sucks air from outside of the image forming apparatus. The opening is disposed at a second end of the duct different from the first end of the duct. The duct is disposed opposite the conveying member. The blower is disposed in the duct. The blower blows air sucked from the intake to the conveying member through the opening. The control circuitry controls the blower to blow air to the conveying member at least in the simplex printing.

According to one embodiment, an image forming apparatus includes a developing device, an environment sensor, a memory, and a processor. The developing device stores a developer containing a toner and a carrier. The environment sensor measures an environment parameter. The memory stores end time environment information indicating an environment parameter of a date and time when printing is ended. The processor discharges the toner stored in the developing device when a difference between the environment parameter indicated by the end time environment information and the environment parameter measured by the environment sensor exceeds a predetermined threshold value, and puts the toner into the developing device.

An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive drum, a charging device, an exposing device, a developing device, and a cleaning device. The cleaning device includes a toner keeping member, which has toner keeping portions disposed respectively at the opposite end sides of a polishing roller along its axial direction with a gap from the outer circumferential surface of the polishing roller to keep between themselves and the polishing roller the toner removed off the outer circumferential surface of the photosensitive drum. The toner keeping portions extend along the axial direction of the polishing roller, and of each toner keeping portion, one end part along the axial direction is located outward of an end part of a guaranteed development region but inward of an end part of a developing roller and the other end part is located outward of an end part of the polishing roller.