A charging device includes: a charging roll configured to charge a photoconductor; a housing that houses the charging roll; and a heating unit that directly heats the housing or the charging roll. In the charging device, the heating unit may be disposed in contact with an outside or inside of the housing, and at least a part of the outside or inside of the housing may be covered with a thermally conductive member.

An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a belt, a development unit having a development member in contact with the image bearing member to develop an electrostatic latent image formed on the image bearing member using toner, and a collection unit having a contacting member in contact with the belt to collect toner remaining on the belt adjacent to the contacting member. If condensation is detected inside the image forming apparatus, the image forming apparatus performs predetermined control to separate the development member from the image bearing member and drive the belt in such a manner that the belt moves at a second surface speed different from a first surface speed while driving the image bearing member in such a manner that the image bearing member rotates at the first surface speed in a state where the image bearing member is in contact with the belt.

According to an embodiment, a fixing device includes rotating body that is rotatably supported, a heater that heats the rotating body, a pressing body that is pressed against the rotating body to form a nip through which print media passes to a media conveyance path, and a water vapor discharge passage downstream of the nip from rotating body. The water vapor discharge passage is separate and distinct from the media conveyance path. The fixing device may be used in image forming apparatuses and the like.

In an image forming apparatus, a print data acquiring unit acquires variable-data-printing print data that includes common document data and insert data. The common document data includes a common part common to plural printed matters. The insert data is for a variable part individually set for each of the plural printed matters. The common document data includes one or plural identifiers; the identifier indicates the variable part, and the insert data includes one or plural values corresponding to the identifier. The variable-data-printing processing unit causes a printing device to perform variable data printing on the basis of print data obtained by replacing the identifier in the common document data with the value. In addition, the variable-data-printing processing unit determines a print sheet corresponding to the value used in the replacement, and causes the printing device to perform the variable data printing using the determined print sheet.

An image forming apparatus including a revolving member, a first-transfer member, a second-transfer member that transfers the toner image on the revolving member onto a recording medium, a removing member downstream of the second-transfer member to remove a deposit on the revolving member, a fixing device that generates heat and that fixes the toner image transferred on the recording medium, a generating member that causes air to flow from the fixing device toward the revolving member, and an executing unit that executes a removal mode including causing the fixing device to generate heat, causing the generating member to operate, causing the revolving member to operate, causing the first-transfer member to operate so as to transfer a cleaning image as a toner image onto the revolving member, and causing the removing member to remove the cleaning image from the revolving member without transferring the cleaning image onto the recording medium.

An image forming apparatus includes: an image holding section; a transfer section that has a transfer member, applies a transfer electric-field to a transfer region between the image holding section and the transfer member, and electrostatically transfers an image held by the image holding section onto a recording medium; contact sections that act as electrodes to ground while being in contact with the recording medium; a humidification section that is provided upstream of the transfer region and humidifies the recording medium; a first control section that performs control without humidification by the humidification section; a second control section that performs control to cause the humidification section to humidify the recording medium; and a selection section that selects the first control section or the second control section depending on a type of the recording medium.

An image forming apparatus includes: a plurality of image holding units that include first and second image holding units and on which toner images are formed through developing while the image holding units rotate; a plurality of developing units that respectively face the plurality of image holding units and develop an electrostatic latent image on each of the plurality of image holding units with toner under a developing bias voltage applied to each developing unit; a power supply unit that applies a developing bias voltage to the plurality of developing units, and is common to the plurality of image holding units; an intermediate transfer unit that receives transfer of a toner image from the plurality of image holding units and transfers the toner image to a transfer receiver while circulating in a circulation path including a moving path along the plurality of image holding units, the intermediate transfer unit having first and second modes, wherein in the first mode, the intermediate transfer unit receives transfer of a toner image from the plurality of image holding units, and in the second mode, the intermediate transfer unit is separated from the second image holding unit other than the first image holding unit and receives transfer of a toner image from the first image holding unit; and a driving unit that drives rotation of the plurality of image holding units, wherein in the second mode, the driving unit drives the second image holding unit so as to temporally change a position at which the second image holding unit faces the developing unit.

A charging device includes: a charging roll configured to charge a photoconductor; a housing that houses the charging roll; and a heating unit that directly heats the housing or the charging roll. In the charging device, the heating unit may be disposed in contact with an outside or inside of the housing, and at least a part of the outside or inside of the housing may be covered with a thermally conductive member.

A powder amount detector detects an amount of powder in a powder container of a cylindrical shape arranged horizontally. The powder amount detector includes a pair of measuring electrodes configured to detect capacitance between the pair of measuring electrodes to detect the amount of powder. The pair of measuring electrodes is disposed around the powder container. One of the pair of measuring electrodes has a flat shape, and the other of the pair of measuring electrodes has an arc shape following a shape of the powder container.

An image forming system includes a plurality of image forming apparatuses and a server. A first transceiver of each of the plurality of image forming apparatuses transmits adjustment information to a second transceiver of the server. The adjustment information includes an adjustment value of a voltage applied at a time of transfer of an image to a piece of paper by each of the plurality of image forming apparatuses. A second controller of the server determines an updated adjustment value to be used in each of the plurality of image forming apparatuses based on the adjustment information. The second transceiver transmits adjustment update information including the updated adjustment value to the first transceiver of each of the plurality of image forming apparatuses. The first controller controls the voltage applied at a future time of transfer based on the updated adjustment value.