A cleaning member includes plural bristles including tips that come into contact with an object to be cleaned having a surface including recesses and projections; and a brush base to which the bristles are attached. The bristles each have a non-circular cross-section including a projecting portion that projects toward an outer periphery, at least the projecting portion having a size such that the projecting portion is capable of entering the recesses in the object to be cleaned.

A cartridge includes a coupling positioned at an end of a photosensitive drum, with the coupling including (i) a cylindrical main body positioned coaxially with the photosensitive drum and open to outside of the cartridge and (ii) a projection positioned in the cylindrical main body. The projection is movable relative to the cylindrical main body between a first position and a second position such that an end of the projection is positioned closer to the rotational axis of the coupling when the projection is in the first position than when the projection is in the second position. A part of the cylindrical main body is positioned outside the photosensitive drum, and a part of the cylindrical main body is positioned inside of the photosensitive drum, and the projection is at least partially positioned inside of the photosensitive drum.

A developing cartridge includes a coupling member provided adjacent to a first end of a casing. The coupling member is operatively connected to a developing roller, and the coupling member is rotatable about a rotational axis thereof. The coupling member includes (i) a cylindrical portion, (ii) a first projection at least partially positioned inside of the cylindrical portion, (iii) a second projection at least partially positioned inside of the cylindrical portion, (iv) an elastically movable projection at least partially positioned inside of the cylindrical portion, and (v) a wall extending in a direction perpendicular to the rotational axis and positioned between a second end of the casing and the first and second projections.

An image forming apparatus includes a main frame, a plurality of process cartridges, a cartridge-supporting body, a belt, a waste toner cartridge, a contact-separation mechanism, and a collective conveying unit. Each process cartridge includes a photosensitive drum and a drum cleaning unit collecting waste toner on the drum. The cartridge-supporting body is movable between an internal position inside the frame and an external position outside the frame. The belt confronts the process cartridges in the internal position. The waste toner cartridge accommodates the waste toner collected from the drums. The contact-separation mechanism moves the cartridge-supporting body between a contact position where the drums are in contact with the belt and a separated position where the drums are out of contact with the belt. The collective conveying unit aggregates waste toner collected from drums and conveys collectively the aggregated waste toner to the waste toner cartridge.

Provided is a cleaning blade including: an elastic member; and a supporting member supporting the elastic member. The elastic member includes a free end portion, and the free end portion has an edge and a first surface and a second surface that form the edge. At least one of the first surface and the second surface has a hardened surface. The following expression (1): 0.1DHs0.4 and the following expression (2): DHs<DHm are satisfied, where DHs (mN/m.sup.2) represents a dynamic hardness of the hardened surface, and DHm (mN/m.sup.2) represents a maximum value of the dynamic hardness obtained in a positional range in which a distance L from the edge on a straight line that bisects an angle of the edge in a cross-section of the elastic member orthogonal to a longitudinal direction thereof satisfies 0 m<L100 m.

An image forming apparatus includes a main frame, a plurality of process cartridges, a cartridge-supporting body, a belt, a waste toner cartridge, a contact-separation mechanism, and a collective conveying unit. Each process cartridge includes a photosensitive drum and a drum cleaning unit collecting waste toner on the drum. The cartridge-supporting body is movable between an internal position inside the frame and an external position outside the frame. The belt confronts the process cartridges in the internal position. The waste toner cartridge accommodates the waste toner collected from the drums. The contact-separation mechanism moves the cartridge-supporting body between a contact position where the drums are in contact with the belt and a separated position where the drums are out of contact with the belt. The collective conveying unit aggregates waste toner collected from drums and conveys collectively the aggregated waste toner to the waste toner cartridge.

An image forming device includes a communication device, an image forming unit, a transfer unit, a transmitting unit, and a processor. The communication device communicates includes a wireless tag. The image forming unit forms a developer image on a surface of a photoreceptor. The transfer unit transfers the developer image to a medium provided with the wireless tag communicating with the communication device. The transmitting unit transmits the medium to the transfer unit. The processor controls an operation of the transmitting unit so as to transmit the medium at a first timing when communication with the wireless tag by the communication device is normally executed and controls the operation of the transmitting unit so as to transmit the medium at a second timing different from the first timing when the communication with the wireless tag by the communication device is not normally ended.

An image forming apparatus includes: a casing, a first process cartridge including a first photosensitive drum and a first drum-cleaning unit configured to collect waste toner on the first photosensitive drum, a second process cartridge including a second photosensitive drum and a second drum-cleaning unit configured to collect waste toner on the second photosensitive drum, a cartridge-supporting body movable between an internal position inside the casing and an external position outside of the casing, a conveying unit conveying the waste toner collected by the first and second drum-cleaning units, and a waste toner cartridge accommodating the conveyed waste toner. The casing includes a first positioning plate receiving one end portion of the first and second process cartridges, and a second positioning plate receiving another end portion of the first and second process cartridges. The conveying unit is disposed between the first positioning plate and the second positioning plate.

Provided is a cleaning member, comprising an elastic member that includes polyurethane, wherein: when tan of a test piece sampled from the elastic member is measured in the temperature range of 20 C. to +60 C., the peak temperature of a peak indicating the maximum value of tan is at 15.0 C. or below; the maximum value of tan is 0.20 to 0.55; tan at a temperature of 55 C. is 0.13 or larger; and where the detected quantity of all ions obtained when the test piece is heated at a rate of temperature increase of 10 C./second to 1000 C. using a direct-sampling mass spectrometer is M1 and the integrated intensity of a peak in a derived ion thermogram that corresponds to a range of m/z values originating in multifunctional isocyanate with at least three isocyanate groups is M2, M2/M1 is at least 0.001.

An image forming apparatus includes: a casing, a first process cartridge including a first photosensitive drum and a first drum-cleaning unit configured to collect waste toner on the first photosensitive drum, a second process cartridge including a second photosensitive drum and a second drum-cleaning unit configured to collect waste toner on the second photosensitive drum, a cartridge-supporting body movable between an internal position inside the casing and an external position outside of the casing, a conveying unit conveying the waste toner collected by the first and second drum-cleaning units, and a waste toner cartridge accommodating the conveyed waste toner. The casing includes a first positioning plate receiving one end portion of the first and second process cartridges, and a second positioning plate receiving another end portion of the first and second process cartridges. The conveying unit is disposed between the first positioning plate and the second positioning plate.