An integrated three-dimensional display includes a recording surface which includes a calculated element region in which phase components of light from light converging points of a holographic reconstructed image are calculated, and a phase angle recorded area for recording a phase angle calculated based on the phase components. The phase angle recorded area includes a plurality of monochromatic regions having a uneven structure surface. The phase angle is recorded in an overlap area in which the calculated element region and the phase angle recorded area overlap each other. Light converges on the light converging points at specific distances from the recording surface, the specific distances being determined for the respective light converging points even when light reflected from the plurality of monochromatic regions converges.

An optical device comprises a support having a reference plane, and a dielectric periodic structure including a plurality of periodic elements which are arranged, on the reference plane, in a two-dimensional lattice having a sub-wavelength spacing and are either projections projecting from the reference plane or recesses depressed from the reference plane. The optical device further includes a metal layer, which is positioned on a surface of the periodic structure including a region of the reference plane surrounding the individual periodic elements and the surfaces of the periodic elements and which has a shape that follows the surface profile of the periodic structure.

An article, includes a selective light modulator layer including a phthalocyanine dye having substituents that provide a bathochromic shift or a hypsochromic shift in the absorption spectrum. A method of making an article is also disclosed.

Aspects of the present invention provide an approach for authentication of a user of a computer system by displaying holographic objects in a bounded field of view of a user, identifying movement of the user interacting with the holographic objects, comparing the interacting movement to authentication information linking user authentication to a movement defined within confidence limits, and when the identified user movement indicates the user interacted with the displayed holographic objects within the defined confidence limits, authenticating the user on the computer system.

A data carrier (1) comprises at least a first guiding element (2), at least a first processing element (3), and at least a first security element (4). The first processing element (3) is arranged after the first guiding element (2) with respect to an extension direction (E). The first guiding element (2) is configured to guide impinging electromagnetic radiation towards the first processing element (3). The first processing element (3), in an unprocessed state, is semi-opaque or opaque. In a processed state after being impinged by electromagnetic radiation that is irradiated through the first guiding element (2) onto the first processing element (3), the first processing element (3) in the region of impingement comprises at least a first processed region (5) in the form of a transparent region or translucent region or a hole. The first guiding element (2) and the first processed region (5) at least partially overlap when viewed along the extension direction (E), whereby the first security element (4) is generated.

The present disclosure relates to a system and method for designating, for a hologram, a color to be implemented, by forming a certain pattern on a dithering mask, such that a hologram structure may express a particular structural color. To this end, the present disclosure may include an image obtaining unit configured to obtain an original image; an encryption unit configured to convert original colors of respective pixels included in the original image into encrypted colors, according to a predefined standard; a pattern data generation unit configured to generate, based on the encrypted colors, pattern data including dithering patterns corresponding to the respective pixels; and a pattern forming unit configured to form, based on the pattern data, a mask pattern on a dithering mask.

Optical elements with anisotropic, patterned surface relief microstructures in which information is encoded in the distribution of the orientation of different zones. From the analysis of the distribution of the light scattered from the element, the orientation distribution in the element and therefore the encoded information can be evaluated. The elements are particularly useful for securing documents and articles against counterfeiting and falsification.

Provided herein is a system and a method for secure transactions using images. Also provided herein is a system for authenticating a transaction which may comprise a server, the server configured to (a) receive a first transaction code from a smart device; (b) receive a second transaction code from the merchant; (c) receive a smart device identifier; (d) receive payment card information; (e) receive at least one image; (f) analyze the identifier to determine an entity associated with the smart device; (g) determine whether the entity is the user; (h) analyze the payment card information to determine whether the user is the owner of the payment card; (i) associate the transaction code to the user; (j) analyze the at least one image to determine whether the image is associated with the user, the payment card, the smart device, or any combination of the user, the payment card and the smart device; upon determining an association between the image and the user, and between the image and the smart device or the smart device and the user, send an authentication code to the smart device and to the merchant.

A display including a relief structure forming layer having a major surface with a relief type diffractive structure that displays a three-dimensional object as a diffraction image; and a reflective layer at least partially covering a region of the major surface where the diffractive structure is provided. A portion of the diffractive structure in a first region includes first and second linear parts forming a first lattice, and first parts arranged in respective gaps of the first lattice. The first and second linear parts each having a solid line shape form a first pattern. A portion of the diffractive structure in a second region includes third and fourth linear parts alternately arranged in the width direction thereof. The third linear parts each having a dashed line shape and the fourth linear parts each having a dashed or dotted line shape form a second pattern.

A data carrier (1) comprises at least a first guiding element (2), at least a first processing element (3), and at least a first security element (4). The first processing element (3) is arranged after the first guiding element (2) with respect to an extension direction (E). The first guiding element (2) is configured to guide impinging electromagnetic radiation towards the first processing element (3). The first processing element (3), in an unprocessed state, is semi-opaque or opaque. In a processed state after being impinged by electromagnetic radiation that is irradiated through the first guiding element (2) onto the first processing element (3), the first processing element (3) in the region of impingement comprises at least a first processed region (5) in the form of a transparent region or translucent region or a hole. The first guiding element (2) and the first processed region (5) at least partially overlap when viewed along the extension direction (E), whereby the first security element (4) is generated.