An optical device includes a display configured to generate an image light; and a waveguide optically coupled with the display and configured to guide the image light to an exit pupil of the optical device. The waveguide includes an in-coupling element configured to couple the image light into the waveguide, and an out-coupling element configured to decouple the image light out of the waveguide. The out-coupling element includes a grating having a diffraction efficiency gradient along a predetermined direction at a plane of the grating.

An apparatus for producing an optically variable film includes a laser configured to emit a beam, a telescoping lens section having a first lens and a second lens spaced apart by a first distance and an interferometer configured to direct the beam toward a workpiece. The laser may be operated at a predetermined power level and the first and second lenses are sized and spaced relative to one another to direct the beam onto the workpiece at about 200-230 dots per inch. The workpiece may include a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) layer configured to be ablated by the beam, forming a microstructure in the surface of the layer. The microstructure may be randomized and used to present non-chroma visual effects.

An ultrasonic apparatus (100) for creating a holographic ultrasound field (1) comprises an ultrasound source device (10) being adapted for creating an ultrasound wave, and a transmission hologram device (20) having a transmission hologram (21) and an exposed acoustic emitter surface (22), said transmission hologram device (20) being acoustically coupled with the ultrasound source device (10) and being arranged for transmitting the ultrasound wave through the acoustic emitter surface (22) and creating the holographic ultrasound field in a surrounding space, wherein the acoustic emitter surface (22) is a smooth surface which do not influence the field distribution of the ultrasound wave. Furthermore, a method of creating a holographic ultrasound field in an object (3), wherein the ultrasonic apparatus (100) is used, and applications of the ultrasonic apparatus (100) are described.

A card, such as a payment card, or other device may include an electronics package. The electronics package may include electronic components mounted on a flexible, printed circuit board. The electronics package may be laminated (e.g., via a hot, cold, or molding lamination process) between layers of transparent polymer. A hologram may be fixed to one side of the electronics package such that the hologram may be viewed from the exterior of the laminated card having transparent polymer layers. As such, the hologram may not be removed without breaching the integrity of a transparent polymer layer.

A three-dimensional (3D) display system includes a reference spatial light modulator configured to generate a reference wavefront. The system also includes an object spatial light modulator configured to generate an object wavefront. The system further includes a Hogel basis display positioned between the reference spatial light modulator and the object spatial light modulator. The Hogel basis display is configured to receive the reference wavefront and the object wavefront. The Hogel basis display is also configured to generate a light field based at least in part on interference between the reference spatial light modulator and the object spatial light modulator.

A holographic lens and a display apparatus using the same as a combiner, the holographic lens including a phase profile obtained through an optimization process for each position to form an imaging optical system for forming a virtual image of lights emitted from a plurality of areas.

A method for producing a computer-generated hologram including producing a reference beam, producing an object beam, applying computer-generated information regarding the hologram to the object beam, overlapping the object beam and the reference beam on or in a light-sensitive recording medium in order to apply the hologram by exposure, wherein several portions of the light-sensitive recording medium are exposed, one after the other, to the object beam and the reference beam simultaneously in order to produce a plurality of sub-holograms, wherein the angle of incidence at which the reference beam hits the surface of a first portion of the recording medium is different from the angle of incidence at which the reference beam hits the surface of a second portion of the recording medium. A change in the angle of incidence of the reference beam is achieved by changing the point of incidence of the reference beam on a lens.

A holographic recording system includes a linear translation stage configured to position a holographic material layer, a light source configured to emit a laser beam, a beam splitting subsystem configured to split the laser beam into a first light beam and a second light beam and direct the second light beam towards the holographic material layer, a spatial-light modulator configured to implement a fringe pattern that modulates the first light beam to generate an object beam, a filter configured to filter the object beam, a demagnification optical subsystem configured to demagnify the object beam, and a switchable grating stack configurable to direct the object beam to a set of directions towards the holographic material layer to interfere with the second light beam. In some embodiments, the switchable grating stack includes a plurality of polarization gratings and/or a plurality of switchable waveplates arranged in a stack.

A method for producing a holographic optical element (HOE) that is provided for projection in a projection system. A hologram is recorded by the fact that a first Gaussian beam and a second Gaussian beam are caused to interfere on a holographic film for at least two different configurations. The first Gaussian beam is a reference beam that, for the at least two different configurations, is identical to a reconstruction beam with which the HOE is reconstructed. The second Gaussian beam is furthermore an object beam that, upon reconstruction of the HOE utilizing the reconstruction beam, is identical to a projection beam that is used in the projection system for projection. For the at least two different configurations, at least one beam property that depends respectively on predefined projection properties of the projection system is predefined for the second Gaussian beam.

An AR optical element having high image quality, high efficiency of light utilization, and small-size is provided. The AR optical element has periodic structures of refractive index multiplexed with a predetermined interval and predetermined multiplicity, wherein each of the periodic structures of refractive index has an optical normal in a different direction from a physical normal orthogonal to a plane of a micro-region that reflects incident light.