A hologram that includes a formation layer and a reflection layer that are laminated. The formation layer has an optical phase modulation structure on a first interface in contact with the reflection layer. When reference light emitted from a point light source enters through a second interface different from the first interface of the formation layer, the entirety or part of an image to be reconstructed by the optical phase modulation structure is reconstructed as spatial information on the point light source side relative to the second interface.

A method for displaying a modified phase mask on a spatial light modulator (SLM), including: modifying, by a processor, a phase mask by combining the phase mask with a virtual lens pattern, the virtual lens pattern having a focal length; displaying, by the SLM in communication with the processor, the modified phase mask on the SLM; and projecting, by a light source in communication with the processor, the light source through the SLM to form an intensity pattern at a distance from the SLM corresponding to the focal length of the virtual lens pattern, the intensity pattern being based on the phase mask.

In described examples, a system (e.g., a projection system) can include a diffractive optical element adapted to be illuminated by at least one coherent light beam. A lens array is coupled to receive a diffracted beam of light from the diffractive optical element. The lens array includes a first and a second array lens. The first array lens is coupled to receive a first sector of a pattern of illumination of the diffracted beam of light, and the second array lens is coupled to receive a second sector of the pattern of illumination of the diffracted beam of light. A spatial light modulator is coupled to receive overlapping diffracted beams of light from the first and second array lenses to form an image beam.

The present invention relates to an inline scanning holography system for a phosphor and a transmitter. According to the present invention, the inline scanning holography system includes a polarization sensitive lens that receives a linearly polarized beam and generates a first spherical wave of right-handed circular polarized light having a negative focal length and a second spherical wave of left-handed circular polarized light having a positive focal length, a polarizer that passes only a beam component in a predetermined polarization direction therethrough among components of the generated first and second spherical waves, a scanning unit for scanning a phosphor by using an interference beam generated between the first and second spherical waves passing through the polarizer, and a first photodetector that detects a fluorescent beam diverged from the phosphor. According to the present invention, a high-efficiency and high-quality optical scanning holography for a phosphor or a transmitter may be implemented.

An apparatus includes a phase light modulator (PLM) configured to produce background image illumination including background image light and zero-order light, a first lens array including first lenses optically coupled to the PLM and configured to project the background image light, a second lens array optically coupled to the first lens array and including second lenses configured to project the background image light, an optical tunnel extending between the first lens array and the second lens array, optically coupled to the PLM and configured to project a zero-order light, an embedded lens in the second lens array optically coupled to the optical tunnel and configured to focus the zero-order light from the optical tunnel, and focusing optics optically coupled to the second lens array and the embedded lens and configured to focus the background image light and the zero-order light onto a background image plane of a spatial light modulator.

A laser processing apparatus includes a spatial light modulator for inputting laser light output from a laser light source and outputting laser light after phase modulation by a hologram, and a control unit for presenting, on the spatial light modulator, the hologram for focusing the laser light after the phase modulation output from the spatial light modulator on a plurality of irradiation points in a processing object by a focusing optical system. The control unit sets at least one of a shape and a size of a processing region defined by the irradiation points in a first plane intersecting an optical axis of the laser light and a processing region defined by the irradiation points in a second plane intersecting the optical axis and separated from the first plane in a direction of the optical axis to be different from each other.

Fast processing of information represented in digital holograms is provided to facilitate converting a complex Fresnel hologram into a phase-only hologram, which can be a localized error diffusion and redistribution (LERDR) hologram, for displaying 3-D holographic images representative of a 3-D object scene. For a complex Fresnel hologram representing a 3-D object scene, a holographic generator component (HGC) can directly apply an LERDR process to the complex hologram to facilitate converting the complex hologram into an LERDR hologram. As part of the LERDR process, the HGC can partition the complex hologram into segments, convert the complex values of the pixels in each segment to phase-only values, and apply error diffusion to each segment to facilitate generating the phase-only hologram. The HGC can apply error redistribution to the last pixel of each segment to produce the resulting LERDR hologram, which can be displayed on a phase-only display device.

Methods and systems and components made according to the methods and systems, are disclosed relating to the generation of a holographic image, including a color-containing holographic image, generated exclusively optically addressing information to a projection system.

Examples are disclosed relating to reducing orders of diffraction patterns in phase modulating devices. An example phase modulating device includes a phase modulating layer having first and second opposing sides, a common electrode adjacent the first side of the phase modulating layer, a plurality of pixel electrodes adjacent the second side of the phase modulating layer, and blurring material disposed between the phase modulating layer and the pixel electrodes. In the example phase modulating device, the blurring material is configured to smooth phase transitions in the phase modulating layer between localized areas associated with the pixel electrodes, the pixel electrodes have a pixel pitch by which the pixel electrodes are distributed along the phase modulating layer, and the pixel electrodes are separated from one another by an inter-pixel gap, where the ratio of the inter-pixel gap to the pixel pitch is between 0.50 and 1.0.

The invention, provides a method, apparatus and system for separating blood and other types of cellular components, and can be combined with holographic optical trapping manipulation or other forms of optical tweezing. One of the exemplary methods includes providing a first flow having a plurality of blood components; providing a second flow; contacting the first flow with the second flow to provide a first separation region; and differentially sedimenting a first blood cellular component of the plurality of blood components into the second flow while concurrently maintaining a second blood cellular component of the plurality of blood components in the first flow. The second flow having the first blood cellular component is then differentially removed from the first flow having the second blood cellular component. Holographic optical traps may also be utilized in conjunction with the various flows to move selected components from one flow to another, as part of or in addition to a separation stage.