The disclosure provides a method for fabricating a metallic optical metasurface having an array of hologram elements. The method includes forming a first copper layer protected with a conducting or dielectric barrier layer over a backplane structure by a damascene process. The first copper layer comprises a plurality of nano-gaps vertically extending from the backplane structure. The plurality of nano-gaps is filled with a dielectric material. The method also includes removing the dielectric material and a portion of the conducting or dielectric barrier layer to expose the portions in the nano-gaps of the first copper layer. The method may further include depositing a dielectric coating layer over the top portion and exposed side portions of the first copper layer to form a protected first copper layer, and filling the gaps with an electrically-tunable dielectric material that has an electrically-tunable refractive index.

Systems, methods, and computer-readable media are disclosed for controlling parameters of a holographic image. A gaze direction of a user is detected and user interaction data indicative of the gaze direction of the user is generated. A determination is then made using the user interaction data that the gaze direction of the user at least partially coincides with an object of interest. A further determination is made that the object of interest is at least partially obscured by the holographic image. One or more of the parameters of the holographic image are then adjusted to enhance visibility of the object of interest to the user.

A device for producing a subwavelength hologram. The device comprises a metasurface layer attached to a substrate. The metasurface layer includes an array of plasmonic antennas that simultaneously encode both wavelength and phase information of light directed through the array to produce a hologram. The wavelength is determined by the size of the antennas, and the phase is determined by the orientation of the antennas.

Systems, methods, and computer-readable media are disclosed for controlling parameters of a holographic image. A gaze direction of a user is detected and user interaction data indicative of the gaze direction of the user is generated. A determination is then made using the user interaction data that the gaze direction of the user at least partially coincides with an object of interest. A further determination is made that the object of interest is at least partially obscured by the holographic image. One or more of the parameters of the holographic image are then adjusted to enhance visibility of the object of interest to the user.

A device for producing a subwavelength hologram. The device comprises a metasurface layer attached to a substrate. The metasurface layer includes an array of plasmonic antennas that simultaneously encode both wavelength and phase information of light directed through the array to produce a hologram. The wavelength is determined by the size of the antennas, and the phase is determined by the orientation of the antennas.

A hologram transfer foil according to an embodiment is thermally transferrable to a transfer base member. The hologram transfer foil has a structure configured such that a peeling layer, a diffraction structure forming layer and an adhesive layer are stacked on one surface of a substrate. the diffraction structure forming layer includes fine concaves and convexes of a hologram or a diffraction grating. At least one of the peeling layer and the adhesive layer includes heat-conductive hidden information in a heat-conductive hidden information possession portion.

Provided is a system and method for holographic light curtains. A system includes a holographic projector configured to project a holographic image, a rolling-shutter camera arranged to receive light from the holographic image, and at least one processor in communication with the rolling-shutter camera, the at least one processor programmed or configured to: determine an intensity of the light received from the holographic image; and detect a disturbance in a space of the holographic image based on a change in the intensity.