Disclosed are a volume holographic optical diffusion element and a manufacturing method and apparatus thereof. A first lens assembly is provided between a first diffusion element and a holographic photosensitive material layer. A real image of the first diffusion element is projected onto the holographic photosensitive material layer by the first lens assembly. Among rays of light emitted by random point light sources generated when the first diffusion element is irradiated with signal light, only rays within a certain angle range can pass through the first lens assembly due to the constraint of the entrance pupil aperture of the first lens assembly, so that rays of light on a rear side of the real image projected onto the holographic photosensitive material layer have a limited divergence angle.

A holographic optics module having a main body having a first surface, and two or more area elements each having a holographic structure is provided, wherein the two or more area elements are arranged on the first surface of the main body such that they form a coherent area that provides a predetermined optical function.