A vehicle may include a side mirror including a housing and a mirror member provided inside the housing and rotatable in a first axis and a second axis in the housing; an input unit configured to receive an identification information related to a driver; a driving apparatus configured to identify a target position corresponding to the identification information related to the driver, acquire a plurality of paths for moving the mirror member between the identified target position and the current position, identify each of positions for switching the movement direction of the acquired plurality of paths, select a path having positions for switching the movement direction closest to a predetermined center position among the respective positions for switching the movement direction thereof, and selectively control rotation of the first axis and rotation of the second axis of the mirror member based on the selected path.

When a butting control is performed at a low temperature at which an oil temperature of an automatic transmission is equal to or lower than a predetermined value, a driving condition changing process is performed. In the driving condition changing process, an execution period from a starting of the butting control to an ending of the butting control is divided into a plurality of sections on the basis of a rotation angle of a motor. By making a torque of the motor greater and a rotation speed higher in a starting-section than in an ending-section, the execution period of the butting control is made short. By making the torque of the motor smaller and the rotation speed lower in the ending-section than in the starting-section, an amount of deformation of a component is made smaller when a part of a component is butted against a limit position so that a reference position can be learned accurately.

When a butting control is performed at a low temperature at which an oil temperature of an automatic transmission is equal to or lower than a predetermined value, a driving condition changing process is performed. In the driving condition changing process, an execution period from a starting of the butting control to an ending of the butting control is divided into a plurality of sections on the basis of a rotation angle of a motor. By making a torque of the motor greater and a rotation speed higher in a starting-section than in an ending-section, the execution period of the butting control is made short. By making the torque of the motor smaller and the rotation speed lower in the ending-section than in the starting-section, an amount of deformation of a component is made smaller when a part of a component is butted against a limit position so that a reference position can be learned accurately.

A substrate treating method includes moving a first component of a substrate treatment device to a preset position in response to a treating process of the substrate treatment device, detecting, by a plurality of position detection sensors, a position of the first component, vision-testing, by a vision sensor, a positional state of the first component, and determining an operational state of an error in the detection of the plurality of position detection sensors or a malfunction of the substrate treatment device based on a detection result obtained by the plurality of position detection sensor and a test result obtained by the vision sensor.

A substrate treating method includes moving a first component of a substrate treatment device to a preset position in response to a treating process of the substrate treatment device, detecting, by a plurality of position detection sensors, a position of the first component, vision-testing, by a vision sensor, a positional state of the first component, and determining an operational state of an error in the detection of the plurality of position detection sensors or a malfunction of the substrate treatment device based on a detection result obtained by the plurality of position detection sensor and a test result obtained by the vision sensor.

A gimbal configured to stabilize a supported unit in a predetermined attitude includes an acceleration sensor configured to detect an acceleration of the supported unit, a first calculator configured to calculate attitude information of the supported unit using the acceleration, a rotator including a rotor member rotatable relative to a stator member, an angle detecting sensor configured to detect a rotation angle of the rotator, and a second calculator configured to calculate a correction value for the angle information using the attitude information and the angle information of the rotator based on the rotation angle.

A gimbal configured to stabilize a supported unit in a predetermined attitude includes an acceleration sensor configured to detect an acceleration of the supported unit, a first calculator configured to calculate attitude information of the supported unit using the acceleration, a rotator including a rotor member rotatable relative to a stator member, an angle detecting sensor configured to detect a rotation angle of the rotator, and a second calculator configured to calculate a correction value for the angle information using the attitude information and the angle information of the rotator based on the rotation angle.

A piezoelectric positioning device (1) has at least one piezoelectric actuator (3) having a first connection contact (4) and a second connection contact (5). A control device (6) with digital/analog converters (12, 16) connected to the connection contacts (4, 5) is used to control the at least one piezoelectric actuator (3). In comparison with a coarse converter (12), a fine converter (16) has a comparatively smaller voltage range and lower voltage levels, with the result that a high degree of positioning accuracy can be achieved.

Control commands for a control device of a machine define a sequence of successive sections of ideal position target values for a position-controlled shaft of the machine. The ideal position target values either increase or decrease monotonically within the sections, but the direction of the monotony changes from section to section. A position controller determines actuating signals for an actuator from position target values resulting from ideal position target values, additional target values and position actual values. Within sections, the additional target values are positive (negative) when the ideal position target values increase (decrease) monotonically. The additional target values have a first component dependent exclusively on a position difference, with the magnitude of the first component increasing as the magnitude of the position difference increases, first strictly monotonically and then at least monotonically.

Control commands for a control device of a machine define a sequence of successive sections of ideal position target values for a position-controlled shaft of the machine. The ideal position target values either increase or decrease monotonically within the sections, but the direction of the monotony changes from section to section. A position controller determines actuating signals for an actuator from position target values resulting from ideal position target values, additional target values and position actual values. Within sections, the additional target values are positive (negative) when the ideal position target values increase (decrease) monotonically. The additional target values have a first component dependent exclusively on a position difference, with the magnitude of the first component increasing as the magnitude of the position difference increases, first strictly monotonically and then at least monotonically.