A temperature-controlling measure for a hydrogenation slurry bed reactor has three control points that are set from low to high: cold hydrogen is injected automatically when the system reaches control point 1; cold oil is injected automatically when the system reaches control point 2; each pressure relief is opened automatically when the system reaches control point 3. The pressure relief point is set before and/or after the circulation pump of the reactor if internal circulation is set in the reactor; the pressure relief point is set at the reactor bottom if the internal circulation is not set; at least one pressure relief valve is set at each pressure relief point.

Electrical and electromechanical devices often require maintaining a specific temperature, or a narrow range or temperatures, during operation. An assembly regulates the temperature of a device by providing a variable thermal resistance between the device and a heatsink. The device can be mounted to a base having a high thermal resistance, the base thermally isolating the device from the heatsink. At low environmental temperatures, the base enables the device to rise to its operating temperature as a result of the device's waste heat, and with no or minimal use of a heater. As the environmental temperature increases, a working fluid, having a low thermal resistance, undergoes thermal expansion to fill a portion of a volume in the base between the device and the heat sink, lowering the thermal resistance between the device and the heatsink to maintain the device at the required operating temperature.

The present disclosure relates to a directional heat transfer using thermal control devices, including a dual phase change thermal diode and an active contact-based thermal switch. The thermal diode includes a positive temperature coefficient switching material and a negative temperature coefficient switching material arranged in series. The thermal switch includes two thermally conducting surfaces which may be moved to contact (i.e., having a distance between them of substantially zero) creating minimal thermal contact resistance. Both thermal control devices may be used to control heat flow into and/or out of a building.

A method of controlling a water-pump of an air conditioning system used in an active air conditioning water circulating system includes: detecting an environmental parameter and a load value of the active air conditioning water system actively; adjusting a flow rate of a water-pump of the active air conditioning water system according to a first control logic when the environmental parameter is less than a first pre-default parameter and the load value is less than a load threshold; and, adjusting the flow rate of the water-pump according to a first control logic when the environmental parameter is not less than the first pre-default parameter or the load value is not less than the load threshold. The present disclosed example can enhance a flow control capacity for different environmental statuses via controlling the flow rate in the different environmental status according to the different control logic.

A method of controlling a water-pump of an air conditioning system used in an active air conditioning water circulating system includes: detecting an environmental parameter and a load value of the active air conditioning water system actively; adjusting a flow rate of a water-pump of the active air conditioning water system according to a first control logic when the environmental parameter is less than a first pre-default parameter and the load value is less than a load threshold; and, adjusting the flow rate of the water-pump according to a first control logic when the environmental parameter is not less than the first pre-default parameter or the load value is not less than the load threshold. The present disclosed example can enhance a flow control capacity for different environmental statuses via controlling the flow rate in the different environmental status according to the different control logic.

A valve for a vehicle may include a housing including a first inflow hole, a second inflow hole, a first exhaust hole, and a second exhaust hole, an inner body inserted in the housing and having a fixing groove, a fixing rod fixed to the fixing groove, a movable member slidably engaged to the lower end portion of the fixing rod to upwardly or downwardly move along the fixing rod according to a temperature of the transmission oil being flowed in the inside of the housing, a relief member including a penetration hole, wherein the lower end portion of the movable member is selectively movable therein, and slidably mounted in the lower end portion of the inner body, a first elastic member interposed between the movable member and the relief member, and a second elastic member interposed between the inner body and the relief member.

The present disclosure relates to a directional heat transfer using thermal control devices, including a dual phase change thermal diode and an active contact-based thermal switch. The thermal diode includes a positive temperature coefficient switching material and a negative temperature coefficient switching material arranged in series. The thermal switch includes two thermally conducting surfaces which may be moved to contact (i.e., having a distance between them of substantially zero) creating minimal thermal contact resistance. Both thermal control devices may be used to control heat flow into and/or out of a building.

When a power element expands in a direction of a uniaxial center, a diaphragm is pressed, in the direction of the uniaxial center, against a pressing portion of a lid member fixed to a body unit. A holder member of the power element is displaced away from the pressing portion as the diaphragm further expands outward in the direction of the uniaxial center. Displacement of the holder member in the direction of the uniaxial center is transmitted to a spherical valve, thereby increasing or decreasing an opening degree of the spherical valve. Accordingly, it is not necessary to dispose a member which may cause complicated processing work for an expansion valve between the holder member and the spherical valve, e.g., a member which needs complicated welding processing work.

In a temperature control apparatus for controlling the temperature of a load by supplying high-temperature circulating liquid to the load, a device in which a helical channel portion of a first heat exchange channel through which circulating liquid flows is housed in a second heat exchange channel formed of a channel space in a hollow shell through which coolant flows is used as a heat exchanger for cooling the circulating liquid, cylindrical members are individually fitted on an inflow channel portion and an outflow channel portion connected to opposite ends of the helical channel portion of the first heat exchange channel, and the cylindrical members are each fixed to the shell of the heat exchanger with a weld.

In a temperature control apparatus for controlling the temperature of a load by supplying high-temperature circulating liquid to the load, a device in which a helical channel portion of a first heat exchange channel through which circulating liquid flows is housed in a second heat exchange channel formed of a channel space in a hollow shell through which coolant flows is used as a heat exchanger for cooling the circulating liquid, cylindrical members are individually fitted on an inflow channel portion and an outflow channel portion connected to opposite ends of the helical channel portion of the first heat exchange channel, and the cylindrical members are each fixed to the shell of the heat exchanger with a weld.