The disclosed technology includes a system and method of preventing short cycling in a water heater. The system can include a burner, a temperature sensor, and a controller. The controller can be configured to perform several steps to determine whether to turn on a burner and whether to increment a temperature offset value based on the amount of time that has elapsed since the last time the burner was on.

An induction cooking hob and a method for heating food as well as a computer program product are disclosed. Based on information of a micro-electromechanical system (1500) in combination with a temperature sensor associated to a heating zone, vibrations can be detected and a heating zone associated with the boiling substance can be properly discriminated from one supporting a pot having a non-boiling substance in it. Subsequent simmering of the substance can be automatically effected. An indication will be provided to a user (1680), and an automated function can be started (1610) including boiling and subsequent simmering, respectively indication of a boiling substance on any of the heating zones on an induction hob (1000).

Systems and methods for tuning a closed-loop controller for a hot melt liquid dispensing system are disclosed. In an example method, based on a set temperature setpoint, the hot melt liquid dispensing system is maintained at a steady state with respect to a temperature process variable and a heater duty cycle control variable. The heater duty cycle control variable is brought to a sustained oscillation. An amplitude and an ultimate period are determined. An ultimate gain is determining based on the step value and the amplitude. A proportional, integral, or derivative constant is determined based the ultimate period and/or ultimate gain. The closed-loop controller is implemented using the proportional, integral, or derivative constant.

This application provides a powertrain, a coolant flow rate estimation method, and an electric vehicle. Coolant in a first cooling loop of the powertrain is configured to cool an inverter. An electronic pump drives the coolant to circulate in the first cooling loop. When a phase current of a motor is greater than or equal to a preset current value, a controller determines a rotation speed of the electronic pump at a first moment as a first rotation speed, and determines a coolant flow rate at the first moment based on a temperature at a first position in the first cooling loop, a temperature at a second position in the inverter, and a power loss of the inverter. In the solution of this application, data does not need to be separately calibrated for different thermal management systems. This reduces time consumed by data calibration and improves practicability.

A heating, ventilation, or air conditioning (HVAC) system for a building includes HVAC equipment configured to provide heating or cooling to one or more building spaces and one or more controllers. The one or more controllers include one or more processing circuits configured to generate energy targets for the one or more building spaces using a thermal capacitance of the one or more building spaces to which the heating or cooling is provided by the HVAC equipment, generate setpoints for the HVAC equipment using the energy targets for the one or more building spaces to which the heating or cooling is provided by the HVAC equipment, and operate the HVAC equipment using the setpoints to provide the heating or cooling to the one or more building spaces.

An arrangement for monitoring an aseptic manufacturing process includes product condition sensors capable of making closely spaced measurements of a product condition such as temperature or humidity. The measurements are made using closely spaced sensors arranged in a linear array on a single probe, which may be used to take measurements at multiple levels within the product. Data from the sensors is transmitted to a data collection point via short range wireless digital communications. The sensors may be used to measure temperature and humidity at a single point. For example, when the sensors are used in pharmaceutical freeze drying, the location of a sublimation front may be calculated for each vial, and the freeze drying process may be controlled using the data.

Systems and methods for orchestrating the operation of energy-consuming loads, so as to minimize power consumption, are described. In some embodiments, the loads can be HVAC, refrigeration systems, air compressors, and the like, and orchestration is effected either directly or by means of the loads' respective controllers. In some aspects, the controllers can be Smart Thermostats and orchestration is effected through a Cloud-based orchestration platform or “COP.” In certain aspects, a COP uses specifically programmed application programming interfaces, or APIs, to control the operation of a single manufacturer's Smart Thermostats, where the manufacturer provides its own Cloud-based control platform, through which the COP operates. The COP can similarly orchestrate the operation of two or more manufacturers' Smart Thermostats through their respective Cloud-based control platforms. By these and other means, the operation of a variety of energy-consuming loads can be more easily and efficiently orchestrated.

Control systems are provided that provide thermodynamically decoupled control of temperature and relative humidity and/or reduce or prevent frost formation or remove previously-formed frost. The control systems herein may be included as a component of a heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration system that includes a heat exchanger.

A method for controlling a gas furnace that performs a heating operation by receiving a first heating signal; calculating a certain heating capacity smaller than a maximum heating capacity of the gas furnace, according to the first heating signal; and operating a heating of the gas furnace with the calculated certain heating capacity. The calculating of the certain heating capacity includes calculating the certain heating capacity according to a difference between an intake air temperature sucked into the gas furnace and a reference temperature.

This heating device (100) includes: a heater (10) for heating an object (1) to be heated; a temperature detection unit (20) for detecting a temperature of the object (1) to be heated; and a temperature regulator (30) which controls the heater (10) so as to make the temperature of the object (1) to be heated equal to the target temperature. The temperature detection unit (20) comprises temperature sensors (21, 22). An identification unit (34) identifies, from temperature data detected by the temperature sensors (21, 22) and manipulation quantity data corresponding to electric power applied to the heater (10), a heat transfer function between the heater (10) and the temperature sensors (21, 22), and a heat transfer function between the respective temperature sensors (21, 22). A determination unit (36) detects a change of the transfer functions, and determines an abnormality in the heater (10) or the temperature sensors (21, 22).