One aspect of the invention provides a system including: at least one temperature-regulation element configured for fluidic communication with a fluid repository; and a processor in electronic communication with the at least one temperature-regulation element. The processor is configured to: determine a temperature threshold value for a volume of fluid contained by the fluid repository; calculate an amount of solar radiation to which the volume of fluid is exposed; calculate, from the amount of solar radiation and a set of temperature-regulation factors, a time period for reaching the temperature threshold value for the volume of fluid, wherein the set of temperature-regulation factors comprises at least a current temperature of the fluid volume and an energy-transfer rate for the temperature-regulation element; identify a desired use time for the volume of fluid; and activate the at least one temperature-regulation element according to the time period and the desired use time.

One aspect of the invention provides a system including: at least one temperature-regulation element in fluidic communication with a fluid repository; and a processor in electronic communication with the at least one temperature-regulation element. The processor can: determine a temperature threshold value for a volume of fluid contained by the fluid repository; calculate an amount of solar radiation to which the volume of fluid is exposed; calculate, from the amount of solar radiation and a set of temperature-regulation factors, a time period for reaching the temperature threshold value for the volume of fluid; identify a desired use time for the volume of fluid; and activate the at least one temperature-regulation element according to the time period and the desired use time. The set of temperature-regulation factors includes at least a current temperature of the fluid volume and an energy-transfer rate for the temperature-regulation element.

One aspect of the invention provides a system including: at least one temperature-regulation element in fluidic communication with a fluid repository; and a processor in electronic communication with the at least one temperature-regulation element. The processor can: determine a temperature threshold value for a volume of fluid contained by the fluid repository; calculate an amount of solar radiation to which the volume of fluid is exposed; calculate, from the amount of solar radiation and a set of temperature-regulation factors, a time period for reaching the temperature threshold value for the volume of fluid; identify a desired use time for the volume of fluid; and activate the at least one temperature-regulation element according to the time period and the desired use time. The set of temperature-regulation factors includes at least a current temperature of the fluid volume and an energy-transfer rate for the temperature-regulation element.

A Micro Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) device comprises an evaluator circuit that receives a temperature signal, where the evaluator circuit compares the received temperature signal to a lower threshold value and an upper threshold value, and where the evaluator circuit generates an evaluation signal indicating when the temperature signal is between the lower threshold value and the upper threshold value; and a loading circuit that receives the evaluation signal, where the loading circuit generates a first pre-set output signal indicating when the temperature signal is between the lower threshold value and the upper threshold value, and wherein the loading circuit generates a second pre-set output signal when the temperature signal is not between the lower threshold value and the upper threshold value, such that the MEMS device functions as a 2-wire electronic sense circuit providing both an indication state and deriving power from an external two-wire sense circuit.

An air flow controller for an air cleaner and an air cleaner are provided. The air flow controller may include a fan, and a housing, the fan being provided in the housing and the housing being movable from an initial horizontal position in which the air flow controller directs air flow in a vertical direction to an inclined position in which the air flow controller directs air flow in a diagonal direction.

A temperature control unit has an acquisition unit that acquires first information regarding driving and stopping of a heater and second information indicating whether or not to subject a time proportional output to an SSR to autonomous control and an SSR control unit that performs time proportional output of an instruction to drive or stop the heater, to the SSR.

A temperature control unit has an acquisition unit that acquires first information regarding driving and stopping of a heater and second information indicating whether or not to subject a time proportional output to an SSR to autonomous control and an SSR control unit that performs time proportional output of an instruction to drive or stop the heater, to the SSR.

Provided is an integrated shape/property control method for hot power spinning of a cylindrical part based on a hot processing map. The method comprises: during the process of thermoplastic forming of a difficult-to-deform metal, performing a high-temperature mechanical property test on the metal material at a temperature and a strain rate range where dynamic recrystallization occurs; constructing, based on the power dissipation during the thermoplastic forming and a judging criterion for flow instability and on a flow stress-strain relation obtained from the high-temperature mechanical property test, power dissipation maps and flow instability maps at different strains, respectively; combining the power dissipation maps with the flow instability maps to obtain a hot processing map of the material; according to a profile of a power dissipation rate factor η and the flow instability criterion, obtaining potential dangerous forming conditions met with the flow instability criterion, and safe forming conditions under which the power dissipation rate factor η is large and the thermoplastic forming is facilitated; and finally performing hot power spinning of the cylindrical part at the temperature and strain rate that facilitates the thermoplastic forming of the material according to the hot processing map.

A heating control device for controlling a food processor is disclosed. During a heating process of the food processor, a temperature in a cup of the food processor is obtained at a predefined time interval. Whenever the obtained temperature in the cup reaches a current preset temperature threshold, the food processor starts a stirring operation for a first preset time period and stops after that, until the obtained temperature in the cup is greater than an upper limit of the preset temperature threshold. The preset temperature threshold is adjusted and defined as the current preset temperature threshold every time before the food processor starts the stirring operation. The heating control device for controlling the food processor solves a problem of a low accuracy in heating control that is caused by an unbalanced temperature in the cup of the food processor during the heating process.

A heating control device for controlling a food processor is disclosed. During a heating process of the food processor, a temperature in a cup of the food processor is obtained at a predefined time interval. Whenever the obtained temperature in the cup reaches a current preset temperature threshold, the food processor starts a stirring operation for a first preset time period and stops after that, until the obtained temperature in the cup is greater than an upper limit of the preset temperature threshold. The preset temperature threshold is adjusted and defined as the current preset temperature threshold every time before the food processor starts the stirring operation. The heating control device for controlling the food processor solves a problem of a low accuracy in heating control that is caused by an unbalanced temperature in the cup of the food processor during the heating process.