A communication device for connection with a power source and a host device is provided. The communication device comprises a device controller and a converter circuit. The device controller is adapted for data communication with the host device and the converter circuit is configured to provide a virtual device ground at least to the device controller, so as to compensate a ground potential difference between the host device and the communication device.

A method of testing a distribution center bus system having one or more of the following features: (a) opening a reserve bus breaker between a reserve bus UPS and a reserve bus, (b) initiating a self-test mode at the reserve bus UPS, (c) routing current through the reserve bus UPS, the reserve bus, a reserve bus static bypass circuit back to the reserve bus UPS, (d) testing the reserve bus to detect heat, determine any significant current loss, or identify other attributes suggesting failure, (e) identifying if a primary bus static transfer switch has tripped over to the reserve bus, and (f) terminating the self-test at the reserve bus UPS if the primary bus static transfer switch has tripped.

A method of testing a distribution center bus system having one or more of the following features: (a) opening a reserve bus breaker between a reserve bus UPS and a reserve bus, (b) initiating a self-test mode at the reserve bus UPS, (c) routing current through the reserve bus UPS, the reserve bus, a reserve bus static bypass circuit back to the reserve bus UPS, (d) testing the reserve bus to detect heat, determine any significant current loss, or identify other attributes suggesting failure, (e) identifying if a primary bus static transfer switch has tripped over to the reserve bus, and (f) terminating the self-test at the reserve bus UPS if the primary bus static transfer switch has tripped.

An electronic device and a method of a power supply protection for a connection port are provided. The electronic device includes a first connection port with a first switch and a first controller and a first control circuit. The first controller determines a first preset value according to a state of the first switch activation signal correspondingly, and detects whether the first input voltage of the first connection port is greater than the first preset value. When the first input voltage is greater than the first preset value, the first controller enables a first abnormal signal on the first abnormal state detection pin. In response to a first forced closing signal being enabled, the first controller controls the first switch to disconnect both terminals.

The present disclosure generally relates to methods of operating storage devices. The storage device comprises a controller comprising first random access memory (RAM1), second random access memory (RAM2), and a storage unit divided into a plurality of streams. When a write command is received to write data to a stream, change log data is generated and stored in the RAM1, the previous delta data for the stream is copied from the RAM2 to the RAM1 to be updated with the change log data, and the updated delta data is copied to the RAM2. The delta data stored in the RAM2 is copied to the storage unit periodically. The controller tracks which delta data has been copied to the RAM2 and to the storage unit. During a power failure, the delta data and the change log data are copied from the RAM1 or the RAM2 to the storage unit.

The present disclosure generally relates to methods of operating storage devices. The storage device comprises a controller comprising first random access memory (RAM1), second random access memory (RAM2), and a storage unit divided into a plurality of streams. When a write command is received to write data to a stream, change log data is generated and stored in the RAM1, the previous delta data for the stream is copied from the RAM2 to the RAM1 to be updated with the change log data, and the updated delta data is copied to the RAM2. The delta data stored in the RAM2 is copied to the storage unit periodically. The controller tracks which delta data has been copied to the RAM2 and to the storage unit. During a power failure, the delta data and the change log data are copied from the RAM1 or the RAM2 to the storage unit.

A persistent memory unit for a computer system where the memory unit can detect a catastrophic event and automatically backup volatile memory into non-volatile memory. The memory unit can operate with a limited number of power inputs and detect the loss of power and then initiate a backup after the volatile memory of the memory unit has entered a stable self-refresh mode. The memory unit uses an on-board power management interface controller capable of redistributing power from an input power line and generating different power levels for different components on the memory unit.

A persistent memory unit for a computer system where the memory unit can detect a catastrophic event and automatically backup volatile memory into non-volatile memory. The memory unit can operate with a limited number of power inputs and detect the loss of power and then initiate a backup after the volatile memory of the memory unit has entered a stable self-refresh mode. The memory unit uses an on-board power management interface controller capable of redistributing power from an input power line and generating different power levels for different components on the memory unit.

Systems and methods are disclosed, including rebuilding a logical-to-physical (L2P) data structure of a storage system subsequent to relocating assigned marginal group of memory cells of a memory array of the storage system, such as when resuming operation from a low-power state, including an asynchronous power loss (APL).

A storage system has zones in solid-state storage memory, with power loss protection. The system identifies portions of data for processes that utilize power loss protection. The system determines to activate or deactivate power loss protection for the portions of data for the processes. The system tracks activation and deactivation of power loss protection in zones in the solid-state storage memory, in accordance with the portions of data having power loss protection activated or deactivated.