Techniques for enabling tokenizing non-physical elements of physical assets using non-fungible tokens (NFTs) to enable independent management, appraisal, and transfer. The blockchain-based platform utilizes smart contracts for creating and managing NFTs, with secure access control for authorized interactions and a user-friendly interface for managing tokenized assets.

A variety of techniques for authentication of jewelry and gemstones is provided. With some example embodiments, blockchain may be used to store a reference signature for the jewelry/gemstone, and a digital asset such as a non-fungible token can link this reference signature with the physical jewelry/gemstone. During an authentication process, the reference signature stored on the blockchain can be accessed and compared with a test signature derived from an item that is purported to be the original jewelry/gemstone to determine whether they match to support a declaration that the purported jewelry/gemstone is authentic.

A system and method may generate a normalized protocol model that leverages heterogeneous distributed ledger technology and is interoperable across different blockchain networks that may initially use different network protocols. The model may be generated by leveraging neuro-symbolic artificial intelligence (AI). The model that is generated may be based on the different network protocols that are in use at the different blockchain networks. The model may be adopted by the blockchain networks upon the blockchain networks providing unified consent to its adoption. The model may be required to be implemented by each of the different blockchain networks. The consensus to adopt the model may be recorded in one or more smart contracts. Copies of the smart contracts may be stored at the blockchain networks. The normalized protocol model may allow electronic transaction, data exchanges, and communications to be performed across blockchain networks and recorded in a heterogeneous distributed ledger.

A method includes generating a first media item identifier for a first media item of a first media item owner, the first media item being associated with one or more media usage options. The method further includes generating, for each of the one or more media usage options, a media usage option identifier. The method further includes receiving a media usage request of a second media item owner. The method further includes, upon determining that the media usage request satisfies one or more criteria pertaining to the selected media usage option, generating a media usage token. The method further includes transmitting the media usage token to a user device of the second media item owner to authorize the second media item owner to include at least a portion of the first media item in a second media item of the second media item owner.

Systems and methods for enabling secure and efficient interoperability between multiple blockchains, particularly for Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) issuance and transfer are described. This architecture allows independent blockchains, each managed by different financial institutions or authorities, to exchange digital assets using a unified cross-chain protocol. Key features include smart contracts for locking, minting, unlocking, and burning digital tokens, relayer subroutines for message transfer, and observer nodes for real-time monitoring and reconciliation. Multi-signature wallets ensure that critical actions require approval from multiple parties, enhancing security and compliance. The system supports both reversible and irreversible cross-chain transfers, dynamic load management, and upgradable smart contracts.

Embodiments of the present application provide a method and an apparatus for data processing based on Internet of Things, and the method includes that an Internet of Things platform: receives an authorization request message sent by an Internet of Things device, where the Internet of Things device is deployed with encrypted target content, and the authorization request message carries a device identification and an authentication code of the Internet of Things device; performs verification on the Internet of Things device according to the device identification and the authentication code, and generates a first authorization license for the Internet of Things device after the verification of the Internet of Things device is passed; sends the first authorization license to the Internet of Things device to enable the Internet of Things device to adopt the first authorization license to decrypt the encrypted target content and use decrypted target content.

An authentication code may be encrypted in optical indica. Optionally, AES, RSA, DES, and/or a hashing function may be utilized to encrypt the authentication code. An image of the authentication code may be captured from a device having a display using a digital camera. The image may be in a compressed format and transmitted over a network to an image analysis system. The image analysis system may decode the optical indicia to obtain the encoded authentication data and may perform decryption on the decoded data. If needed, the image analysis system may perform image enhancement prior to performing decoding, including contrast enhancement, deblurring, and/or image rotation. Image enhancement may be performed using a neural network. The authentication data and location data associated with the digital camera may be utilized to authenticate the device.

Aspects of the technology disclosed herein related to a distributed architecture for securely delivering AI models and/or training data sets to client devices for local use. The distributed includes a licensing server that controls access to and decryption of the models. The licensing server controls the distribution of licensing packages for the different models delivered by the distribution server. The client device transmits a license request to the licensing server. The licensing request may include device-level details about the client device itself, and such details may be provided in a secure, trusted manner, such as through a hardware root of trust (HROT) of the client device. If the details in the license request satisfy the security requirements for the model, a license package for the model is delivered to the client device. The license package includes a license for the model and a decryption key for the model.

A method for managing licenses for a service application across a plurality of interconnected industrial sectors. The method includes: selecting a delegation policy; deploying a local virtual license manager in one of the two industrial sectors, and sending a license authorizing the local virtual license manager to use the service application, in particular for executing a command of a cyber-physical system.

A method, apparatus, and computer program product for providing protected media content. The method comprises: receiving (200), by a server apparatus, a media content request from the client apparatus, wherein the media content request comprises a media content identifier and an application key; comparing (202), by the server apparatus, the application key to one or more application keys stored in a database, wherein the database is configured to store the one or more application keys, media content licenses, and data related to media content; if the application key matches one of the one or more application keys, requesting (204), by the server apparatus from the database, a license related to the media content identifier and the application key; and if the license is found in the database, validating (206) the license by the server apparatus, and if the validating succeeds, retrieving (208), by the server apparatus, data related to the media content from the database, and transmitting (210), by the server apparatus, the data related to the media content to the client apparatus.