Improved reservoir simulation methods and systems are provided that employ a new velocity model in conjunction with a sequential implicit (SI) formulation or Sequential Fully Implicit (SF) formulation for solving the discrete form of the system of nonlinear partial differential equations. In embodiments, the new velocity model employs a fluid transport equation part based on calculation of phase velocity for a number of fluid phases that involves capillary pressure and a modification coefficient. In embodiments, the modification coefficient can be based on a derivative of capillary pressure with respect to saturation. In another aspect, the new velocity model can employ an estimate of the phase velocity of the water phase v.sub.w_est that is based on one or more derivatives of capillary pressure of the water phase as a function of water saturation.

The present invention discloses a node flow optimization distribution method for improving the accuracy of transient hydraulic simulation of a water supply in-series pipeline. The present invention optimizes the flow distribution coefficients of intermediate nodes to minimize the impact thereof on the calculation and analysis of transient flow. Further, the simplified error generated by the node flow distribution can be quantified and evaluated by the control threshold of the simplified errors to achieve effective control of the simplified process. In addition, the simplified operation of the method of the present invention is carried out sequentially from the intermediate node with the smallest simplified error, which effectively overcomes the potential defect of the conventional node flow distribution that leads to a significant reduction in the accuracy of the model, and can ensure the reliability and accuracy of the simplified operation of the same-diameter in-series pipeline.

The present invention discloses a node flow optimization distribution method for improving the accuracy of transient hydraulic simulation of a water supply in-series pipeline. The present invention optimizes the flow distribution coefficients of intermediate nodes to minimize the impact thereof on the calculation and analysis of transient flow. Further, the simplified error generated by the node flow distribution can be quantified and evaluated by the control threshold of the simplified errors to achieve effective control of the simplified process. In addition, the simplified operation of the method of the present invention is carried out sequentially from the intermediate node with the smallest simplified error, which effectively overcomes the potential defect of the conventional node flow distribution that leads to a significant reduction in the accuracy of the model, and can ensure the reliability and accuracy of the simplified operation of the same-diameter in-series pipeline.

Methods are provided for designing a microchannel layout for a flow field of a bipolar plate. The methods include defining a fluid flow optimization domain with boundary conditions and loads. Using a gradient-based algorithm together with computational fluid dynamics, the domain is then optimized for minimum flow resistance. The methods include setting the minimum inverse permeability to a non-zero value, and obtaining a grayscale design and fluid velocity field. Using Gray-Scott reaction diffusion equations with the grayscale design and fluid velocity field, the method includes obtaining a microchannel layout. The microchannel layout is then incorporated as a pattern for the flow field of the bipolar plate. In various aspects, anisotropic microchannels are provided; they may be formed using at least one of an additive manufacturing technique, a metal inverse opal electroplating technique, and a hybrid combination thereof.

Methods are provided for designing a microchannel layout for a flow field of a bipolar plate. The methods include defining a fluid flow optimization domain with boundary conditions and loads. Using a gradient-based algorithm together with computational fluid dynamics, the domain is then optimized for minimum flow resistance. The methods include setting the minimum inverse permeability to a non-zero value, and obtaining a grayscale design and fluid velocity field. Using Gray-Scott reaction diffusion equations with the grayscale design and fluid velocity field, the method includes obtaining a microchannel layout. The microchannel layout is then incorporated as a pattern for the flow field of the bipolar plate. In various aspects, anisotropic microchannels are provided; they may be formed using at least one of an additive manufacturing technique, a metal inverse opal electroplating technique, and a hybrid combination thereof.

Systems and methods include a computer-implemented method for generating and modeling oil viscosity profiles. An Equation-of-State (EOS) and a field pressure-volumetemperature (PVT) model are generated by reconciling historical well data received for multiple wells in a field of interest. Oil properties trends for checking logical tendencies for in-situ oil composition for local data and at initial conditions are generated using the EOS and the field PVT model, calibrated using measured lab-available oil density, and used to generate an in-situ oil composition for local data and conditions. An oil viscosity profile, generated in the field PVT model based on the oil properties trends, is calibrated and modeled in a two-dimensional PVT model using lab oil viscosity. The two-dimensional PVT model is tested using static and dynamic simulation models in terms of the EOS, compositions, composition gradient, and oil properties, including viscosity.

Systems and methods include a computer-implemented method for generating and modeling oil viscosity profiles. An Equation-of-State (EOS) and a field pressure-volumetemperature (PVT) model are generated by reconciling historical well data received for multiple wells in a field of interest. Oil properties trends for checking logical tendencies for in-situ oil composition for local data and at initial conditions are generated using the EOS and the field PVT model, calibrated using measured lab-available oil density, and used to generate an in-situ oil composition for local data and conditions. An oil viscosity profile, generated in the field PVT model based on the oil properties trends, is calibrated and modeled in a two-dimensional PVT model using lab oil viscosity. The two-dimensional PVT model is tested using static and dynamic simulation models in terms of the EOS, compositions, composition gradient, and oil properties, including viscosity.

Systems and methods are provided for experimentally determining optimized placement and operating conditions, e.g., amplitude, phase, or frequency, of active flow control actuators by executing an optimization routine to sequentially activate varying subsets of active flow control actuators of a plurality of active flow control actuators spatially distributed within a flow field, calculating a cost function of each of the subsets of sequentially activated active flow control actuators based on respective measurements of one or more parameters, e.g., integral variables or proxies to the integral variables, within the flow field by one or more sensors, and determining an optimal subset of active flow control actuators based on the respective cost functions of each of the subsets of sequentially activated active flow control actuators.

Obtain a putative design for a vapor chamber lid for an electronic device; iteratively: obtain a steady state solution of governing equations of the putative design, wherein the governing equations include a thermal energy equation in a solid domain of the putative design and include continuity, momentum, and energy equations in vapor and liquid/wick domains of the putative design; modify the putative design in response to a difference between the evaporator temperature of the steady state solution and a threshold value for evaporator temperature; and obtain a new steady state solution of the governing equations for the putative design; and set a final design for the vapor chamber lid when a satisfactory result is obtained for the difference between the evaporator temperature and the threshold value for evaporator temperature.

A method for enhanced oil recovery may comprise inputting into a computer system data related to properties of a hydrocarbon reservoir and depletion of the hydrocarbon reservoir; calculating, with the computer system, a current oil saturation and a current gas saturation of the hydrocarbon reservoir based on the data; determining, with the computer system, that the current reservoir pressure is less than a bubble point pressure based on the data; calculating, with the computer system, a time to repressure the hydrocarbon reservoir by waterflooding based on the data; comparing, with the computer system, the data related to properties of the hydrocarbon reservoir to oil recovery screening criteria; selecting a flooding technique from a plurality of flooding techniques, with the computer system, based on satisfying the oil recovery screening criteria with the data related to properties of the hydrocarbon reservoir.