An apparatus and a method are provided which make it possible to allow a reception apparatus to execute a cache process in a unit of an application or in a unit of a presentation unit thereby to make it possible to achieve an application execution process of high completeness. The reception apparatus receives, from a transmission apparatus, signaling data in which an application size that is a data size of an application, application link information, and a data size of each of presentation units (PUs) that are application components are recorded. The reception apparatus compares a cache size and the data size of each of the applications and PUs with each other, determines cacheable applications or PUs as cache target data, and executes a cache process in a unit of an application or a PU.

Disclosed herein are an in-network caching apparatus and method. The in-network caching method using the in-network caching apparatus includes receiving content from a second node in response to a request from a first node; checking a Conditional Leave Copy Everywhere (CLCE) replication condition depending on a number of requests for the content; checking a priority condition based on a result value of a priority function for the content; checking a partition depending on the number of requests for the content; performing a cache replacement operation for the content depending on a result of checking the partition for the content; and transmitting the content to the first node.

A file server apparatus includes a second file system volume including cache data of a first file system volume stored in a shared file storage apparatus. The file server apparatus determines the operation type indicated by an access request to the first file system volume from a client. When the operation type is directory operation, the file server sends an instruction of directory operation to the shared file storage apparatus, and then transmits a completion response to the client. When the operation type is file operation, the file server apparatus executes a file operation in the second file system volume, transmits a completion response to the client, and then transmits a file operation instruction to the shared file storage apparatus.

A method controlling near caches in a distributed cache environment including distributed cache servers is provided. The method includes steps of: a specific distributed cache server among the distributed cache servers, if a request signal for original cache data is obtained from a client node, transmitting replicated cache data for the original cache data to the client node, to support the client node to store and refer to the replicated cache data in its corresponding near cache storage part, and managing a reference map with a correspondence between the client node referring to the replicated cache data, and the original cache data; and if the original cache data is changed, checking the number of the client nodes referring to the replicated cache data by referring to the reference map, and invalidating the replicated cache data according to the number of the checked client nodes.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method, device and computer program product for validating a cache file. In an embodiment, a reference cache file associated with the backed up data is divided into a plurality of reference segments. Reference check information is generated for the respective reference segments of the plurality of reference segments, and the generated reference check information is stored. In response to the initiating of a backup job, the stored reference check information is used to validate the cache file.

Apparatus, method, and system for implementing a software-transparent hardware predictor for core-to-core data communication optimization are described herein. An embodiment of the apparatus includes a plurality of hardware processor cores each including a private cache; a shared cache that is communicatively coupled to and shared by the plurality of hardware processor cores; and a predictor circuit. The predictor circuit is to track activities relating to a plurality of monitored cache lines in the private cache of a producer hardware processor core (producer core) and to enable a cache line push operation upon determining a target hardware processor core (target core) based on the tracked activities. An execution of the cache line push operation is to cause a plurality of unmonitored cache lines in the private cache of the producer core to be moved to the private cache of the target core.

A file storage system for storing data of a file received from a client includes a back-end file server in which the data is stored. The system includes a cache appliance in communication with the file server, such that the appliance stores portions of the data or attributes of the file, and uses the stored data or attributes to process file system requests received from the client, and which reads and writes data and attributes to the back-end file server independently. A system for responding to a file system protocol request in regard to a back-end server includes a token server. The system includes a plurality of cache appliances in communication with the token server, each of which receives tokens from the token server to synchronize access to data and attributes caches of the cache appliances, and reading and writing data and attributes to the back-end servers when tokens are revoked, the cache appliance having persistent storage in which data are stored, and the token server having persistent storage in which tokens are stored. A storage system includes a plurality of backend servers. The system includes a token server which grants permission to read and write file attributes and data system, and includes a plurality of cache appliances in communication with at least one of the backend servers and the token server for processing an incoming NFS request to the one backend server. Each cache appliance comprises an NFS server which converts incoming NFS requests into cache manager operations; a token client module in communication with the token server having a cache of tokens obtained from the token server; a cache manager that caches data and attributes and uses tokens from the token client module to ensure that the cached data or attributes are the most recent data or attributes, and an NFS client which sends outgoing NFS requests to the back-end file server. Methods for storing data of a file received from a client.

Snow ski training methods with an apparatus are provided, including a snow ski training apparatus having two elongated freely rotatable overlapping ski arms pivotally mounted to a single vertical pivot point shaft fixed at the point of overlap on a sliding pivotal point assembly. Each ski arm has a foot pad with laces configured to receive a foot of a user at the tail end of each ski arm. Disclosed methods include placing a left foot and right foot of a user atop respective foot pads, assuming a hip flexed position, extending the hip and knees of the user until the user achieves an elevated position, laterally maneuvering the user's body through the user's sagittal plane while in the elevated position and around the single pivot point assembly, tangentially moving the user's feet along a congruent and overlapping arc, and returning to another hip flexed position.

A memory system having a plurality of memory components and a controller, operatively coupled to the plurality of memory components to: store data in the memory components; communicate with a host system via a bus; service the data to the host system via communications over the bus; communicate with a processing device that is separate from the host system using a message passing interface over the bus; and provide data access to the processing device through communications made using the message passing interface over the bus.

An snow ski training apparatus and methods of use are provided comprising a longitudinal T-beam having a central axis aligned generally between front and rear vertical supports, with a sliding pivot point assembly operatively engaging the T-beam for longitudinal movement. A pair of unparallel ski arms are provided, each having a plurality of axially spaced holes along the length of each respective ski arm, which are pivotally mounted overlapping each other on the sliding pivot point assembly enabling each ski arm to freely and independently pivot around the same vertical axis point. A foot pad is selectively configured at the tail end of each ski arm, enabling a user's feet to rotate along the same, congruent and overlapping arc. An achievement disc is provided concentrically with the sliding pivot point assembly enabling correlation between angles achieved by a user in operation of the apparatus with varying degrees of difficulty of downhill turns in assimilation of parallel snow skiing.