A method comprises a cache manager receiving reference attributes associated with network data and selecting a replacement data location of a cache to store cache-line data associated with the network data. The replacement data location is selected based on the reference attributes and an order of reference states stored in a replacement stack of the cache. The stored reference states are associated with respective cached-data stored in the cache and based on reference attributes associated with respective cached-data. The reference states are stored in the replacement stack based on a set of the reference attributes and the stored reference states. In response to receiving reference attributes, the cache manager can modify a stored reference state, determine a second order of the state locations, and store a reference state in the replacement stack based on the second order. A system can comprise a network computing element having a cache, a cache manager, and a replacement stack. The cache manager can perform the method with respect to network data received by the network computing element.

A method of managing a stack includes detecting, by a stack manager of a processor, that a size of a frame to be allocated exceeds available space of a first stack. The first stack is used by a particular task executing at the processor. The method also includes designating a second stack for use by the particular task. The method further includes copying metadata associated with the first stack to the second stack. The metadata enables the stack manager to transition from the second stack to the first stack upon detection that the second stack is no longer in use by the particular task. The method also includes allocating the frame in the second stack.

A memory system includes: a first memory module including first volatile memories; a second memory module including second volatile memories, non-volatile memories and a module controller; a memory controller controlling the first and second memory modules through second and third control buses, respectively; and a switch array electrically coupling the second and third control buses, wherein the module controller controls the switch array to electrically couple the second and third control buses in a backup operation for backing up data of the first volatile memories to the non-volatile memories, wherein the first and second memory modules include one or more first memory stacks and one or more second memory stacks, respectively, wherein the first volatile memories are stacked in the first memory stacks, and wherein the second volatile memories, the non-volatile memories and the module controller are stacked in the second memory stacks.

A method comprises receiving input reference attributes from a data reference interface and selecting a replacement data location of a cache to store data. The replacement data location is selected based on the input reference attributes and reference states associated with cached-data stored in data locations of the cache and an order of state locations of a replacement stack storing the reference states. The reference states are based on reference attributes associated with the cached-data and can include a probability count. The order of state locations is based on the reference states and the reference attributes. In response to receiving some input reference attributes, reference states stored in the state locations can be modified and a second order of the state locations can be determined. A reference state can be stored in the replacement stack based on the second order. A cache can comprise a data reference interface, reference attributes, reference states, cached-data locations, a replacement stack, and a cache manager. The cache manager can perform the method.

Enhanced data buffer control in data systems is presented herein. In one example, a method includes establishing a pool of available memory pages tracked by memory pointers for use in a data structure, and processing requests for storing data to identify ones of the requests indicating data sizes that exceed a capacity of current pages included in the data structure. The method includes providing first pointers indicating start locations in the data structure to begin writing associated data, count information indicating quantities of the associated data able to be written in the current pages, and second pointers indicating at least one additional page in the data structure into which the associated data can be spanned from the current pages, where the at least one additional page is allocated from the pool of available memory pages in accordance with a fullness threshold for the data structure.

A method comprises receiving input reference attributes from a data reference interface and selecting a replacement data location of a cache to store data. The replacement data location is selected based on the input reference attributes and reference states associated with cached-data stored in data locations of the cache and an order of state locations of a replacement stack storing the reference states. The reference states are based on reference attributes associated with the cached-data and can include a probability count. The order of state locations is based on the reference states and the reference attributes. In response to receiving some input reference attributes, reference states stored in the state locations can be modified and a second order of the state locations can be determined. A reference state can be stored in the replacement stack based on the second order. A cache can comprise a data reference interface, reference attributes, reference states, cached-data locations, a replacement stack, and a cache manager. The cache manager can perform the method.

A cache comprises data locations in a storage medium and a set of reference states corresponding to the data locations and abased on reference attributes associated with data stored in the data locations. The cache receives reference information associated with a data reference and selects a data location to store data reference based on a reference state corresponding to the data location. The cache modifies reference states based on reference attributes associated with data references. A method of managing a cache includes receiving reference information associated with a data reference and selecting a data location in a storage medium to store data based on reference attributes associated with data stored in the selected data location. The method can include modifying reference states in response to receiving reference information. The cache and the method can include a count, based on reference attributes, in a reference state.

A memory system includes: a memory module including: a first memory device including a first memory and a first memory controller suitable for controlling the first memory to store data; and a second memory device including a second memory and a second memory controller suitable for controlling the second memory to store data; and a processor suitable for executing an operating system (OS) and an application to access a data storage memory through the first and second memory devices.

Enhanced data buffer control in data systems is presented herein. In one example, a method of handling data buffer resources in a graphics processor includes establishing a pool of available memory pages tracked by memory pointers for use in a growable data structure. Responsive to requests by at least a shader unit of the graphics processor for space in the growable data structure in which to write shader data, the method includes providing to the shader unit at least write pointers to locations within memory pages from the growable data structure in accordance with data sizes indicated in the requests. Responsive to exceeding a threshold fullness of the growable data structure, the method includes allocating at least one further memory page from the pool of available memory pages for inclusion in the growable data structure.

An apparatus and method are disclosed for improving power savings by accelerating suspend and resume operations. The apparatus having a main integrated circuit, the integrated circuit having a context area, a context snooper, and a context cache, the context area configured to store context change information, the context snooper configured to monitor the context change information, and the context cache configured to store at least a portion of the context change information being monitored by the context snooper; and a memory, the memory configured to receive the at least a portion of the context change information from the context cache upon a suspend process signal to the main integrated circuit, to retain contents during the main integrated circuit suspend, and restore the at least a portion of the context change information to the context cache and/or the context area upon a resume process signal to the main integrated circuit.