The invention introduces an apparatus for handling flash physical-resource sets, at least including a random access memory (RAM), a processing unit and an address conversion circuit. The RAM includes multiple segments of temporary space and each segment thereof stores variables associated with a specific flash physical-resource set. The processing unit accesses user data of a flash physical-resource set when executing program code of a Flash Translation Layer (FTL). The address conversion circuit receives a memory address issued from the FTL, converts the memory address into a relative address of one segment of temporary space associated with the flash physical-resource set and outputs the relative address to the RAM for accessing a variable of the associated segment of temporary space.

A memory controller includes a key generator, an encryption and decryption circuit, and a processor. The key generator generates a first security key and a second security key based on a write request from a host. The encryption and decryption circuit encrypts write data corresponding to the write request based on the first security key to generate encrypted write data, and encrypts the first security key based on the second security key to generate a first encrypted security key. The processor controls nonvolatile memories such that the encrypted write data, the first encrypted security key, and the second security key are programmed in at least one of the nonvolatile memories, and controls the nonvolatile memories such that a dummy program operation is performed on a page of the nonvolatile memories in which the second security key is programmed instead of erasing the encrypted write data.

There are provided a memory controller and a storage device including the same. The memory controller includes: a command storage including a first read command queue and a second read command queue; a command generation controller configured to provide an erase command, a suspend command, a resume command, and output a scheduling event signal after the resume command is output; and a command schedule controller configured to: search for a first physical address group, reorder a output sequence of the first read command queue, and provide a command to perform the read command based on the second read command queue.

A system includes a memory device having multiple dice and a processing device operatively coupled to the memory device. The processing device receives a memory operation to program a set of pages of data across at least a subset of the plurality of dice. The processing device partitions the set of pages into a set of partitions and associates a first partition of the set of partitions with a first block family. The processing device assigns the first block family to a first threshold voltage offset bin and stores, in a metadata table, at least one bit to indicate that the set of pages is partitioned.

A flash memory management method, including: the data to be stored are organized in logic blocks; the memory is divided into pages; each page is divided into frames, each frame being capable of containing at least one data block and at least two frame metadata words; each page comprises at least one page metadata word which contains, when a page is written, a value of a counter of the number of written pages; a writing of a logic block into the memory goes along with a programming of a first frame metadata word with an identifier of this logic block; and the page into which the writing is to be performed is selected as being that having its first metadata word containing the maximum value of the counter of written pages from among all pages.

A method of storing at least one counter into a flash memory, wherein each page of the memory assigned to the storage of the counter(s) includes: header data including a first word intended to contain a number of the page, one word per counter to store a first value thereof, and a second word intended to contain an error control code calculated by taking into account the first values; frames all having a same number of words, each frame being intended to contain a value independent from the frame data, and at least one occurrence of an identifier of a counter, each written frame representing an increment or decrement of the value of the concerned counter with respect to its first value.

A storage system is provided. The storage system includes a first storage cluster, the first storage cluster having a first plurality of storage nodes coupled together and a second storage cluster, the second storage cluster having a second plurality of storage nodes coupled together. The system includes an interconnect coupling the first storage cluster and the second storage cluster and a first pathway coupling the interconnect to each storage cluster. The system includes a second pathway, the second pathway coupling at least one fabric module within a chassis to each blade within the chassis.

The present disclosure generally relates to efficient transfer layer packet (TLP) fragmentation in a data storage device. For an unaligned read from host flow, an amount of data sufficient to be aligned is transferred to the memory device from the host while the remainder of the data is stored in cache of the data storage device to be delivered to memory device at a later time. For an unaligned write to host flow, the unaligned data is written to cache and at a later time the cache will be flushed to the host device. In both cases, while the total data would be unaligned, a portion of the data is placed in cache so that the data not placed in cache is aligned. The data in cache is delivered at a later point in time.

A memory system stores user data including file content in clusters of memory space, folder entries, metadata, and a file allocation table FAT including FAT entries. The system comprises a cache memory, an addressable memory including memory space, and control logic coupled to the addressable memory and the cache memory. The control logic is configured to store user data in a current cluster at a current cluster offset including file content, and corresponding metadata including the current cluster offset, and a linked cluster offset of a linked cluster linking to the current cluster in the addressable memory, and to cache a FAT entry pointing to the current cluster in the cache memory.

A processing device in a memory sub-system identifies a first memory device and a second memory device and configures the second memory device with a zone namespace. The processing device identifies a first portion and a second portion of the first memory device, the first portion storing zone namespace metadata corresponding to the zone namespace on the second memory device. The processing device further exposes the second portion of the first memory device to a host system as a non-zoned addressable memory region.