A method of performing a garbage collection operation on a source block includes: performing a plurality of partial page clean operations during a series of host write operations. Each partial clean operation includes: performing a validity check process within a partitioned searching range of the source block to obtain valid page information; and performing a page clean process according to the valid page information and a target clean page number to read valid pages indicated by the valid page information.

A memory system includes a first memory that is nonvolatile, a second memory that is volatile, and a memory controller. The memory controller is configured to store first information in the second memory. The first information includes management information. The memory controller is further configured to compress the first information. The compressed first information is second information. The memory controller is configured to store the second information in the first memory.

A number of data access operations is tracked where the data access operations are associated with each of a plurality of portions of a translation map. The translation map maps a plurality of logical block addresses to a plurality of physical block addresses of the memory device. A criterion to perform a garbage collection operation is determined to be satisfied. The garbage collection operation is to be performed on a block of the memory component. The block for performing the garbage collection operation is identified based on the number of data access operations associated with each of the plurality of portions of the translation map. The garbage collection operation is performed on the identified block.

Methods, systems, and devices for transaction management based on metadata are described. A host device may transmit a read command to a memory device. Based on the read command, the host device may receive a set of data from the memory device. The host device may also receive metadata associated with the set of data. Based on the metadata, the host device may determine whether the set of data is the data requested by the read command, data requested by a previous read command, or data unrequested by the host device, or some combination. If the set of data is the data requested by the read command or a previous read command, the host device may process the set of data accordingly. If the set of data is data unrequested by the host device, the host device may discard the set of data and retransmit the read command.

Methods, systems, and devices for page validity table colors for garbage collection are described. The memory system may obtain validity information and information associated with a characteristic for each page of a block of data and based on initiating a reorganization procedure on the block of data of the memory system. The memory system may move, for the reorganization procedure, a first set of pages of the block of data associated with a first value of the characteristic to a first portion of the memory system according to the validity information for the first set of pages. The memory system may move, for the reorganization procedure, a second set of pages of the block of data associated with a second value of the characteristic to a second portion of the memory system according to the validity information for the second set of pages.

The present invention provides a flash memory controller, wherein the flash memory controller is arranged to access a flash memory module, and the flash memory controller includes a ROM, a microprocessor and a timer. The ROM stores a program code, the microprocessor is configured to execute the program code to control the access of the flash memory module, and the timer is used to generate time information. In the operations of the flash memory controller, the microprocessor refers to the time information to perform dummy read operations upon at least a portion of the blocks, wherein the dummy read operations are not triggered by read commands from a host device.

Systems, apparatus and methods are provided for logical-to-physical (L2P) address translation. A method may comprise receiving a request for a first logical data address (LDA), and calculating a first translation data unit (TDU) index for a first TDU. The first TDU may contain a L2P entry for the first LDA. The method may further comprise searching a cache of lookup directory entries of recently accessed TDUs using the first TDU index, determining that there is a cache miss, generating and storing an outstanding request for the lookup directory entry for the first TDU in a miss buffer, retrieving the lookup directory entry for the first TDU from an in-memory lookup directory, determining that the lookup directory entry for the first TDU is not valid, reserve a TDU space for the first TDU in a memory and generating a load request for the first TDU.

A memory system, and a method of operating the memory system, includes a memory device including a plurality of memory blocks. The memory system also includes a memory controller for controlling the memory device to perform a data copy operation of moving and storing valid data stored in a selected memory block among the plurality of memory blocks in a target block among the plurality of memory blocks. The memory controller is configured to control the memory device to perform the data copy operation by preferentially selecting a weak page among a plurality of pages included in the selected memory block rather than the other pages.

Memory systems and operating methods of the memory systems are disclosed. In an implementation, a memory system includes a system buffer including buffer areas to which addresses are allocated, and configured to store data in the buffer areas, and a buffer manager configured to designate an address of a buffer area in which a defect occurs as a defect address by comparing a first parity bit for data stored in the system buffer with a second parity bit that is obtained by a computation based on the data stored in the system buffer, and block access to the buffer area designated as the defect address.

Methods, systems, and devices for valid data aware media reliability scanning are described. An apparatus may include a memory array comprising a plurality of blocks and a controller coupled with the memory array. The controller may be configured to select a block of the plurality of blocks for a scan operation to determine a margin of reliability for a first set of data stored in the block. The controller may identify information associated with a status of a validity of sub-blocks of the first set of data in the block. The controller may determine a first subset of the sub-blocks storing valid data of the first set of data and a second subset of sub-blocks that are invalid based on identifying the information. The controller may perform the scan operation on the first subset of sub-blocks and not on the second subset of sub-blocks in the block.