In accordance with a first aspect of the present disclosure, a system is provided for facilitating localizing an external device, the system comprising: at least one UWB communication node; a controller operatively coupled to said UWB communication node, wherein the controller is configured to switch the UWB communication node between a ranging mode of operation and a radar mode of operation in dependence on an estimated distance between the UWB communication node and the external device.

A security system includes a portable terminal, a communication device communicating with the portable terminal, and a determination unit determining validity of the portable terminal. Phase data acquired from distance measuring radio wave is used to determine validity of communication between the portable terminal and the communication device. The received phase data of the distance measuring radio wave varies according to the distance from a transmission source. When the communication device and the portable terminal are fixed, and the communication device and the portable terminal have transmitted and received distance measuring radio waves having the same specific frequency, vehicle acquisition phase data and terminal acquisition phase data are the same. The determination unit determines, by using this two types of phase data, the validity of communication between the communication device and the portable terminal is determined.

A locking and release system of a lock fitted on a vehicle comprising: a mechanical lock (10, 70) which is fixed on a door of a vehicle; an electronic circuit (11) associated with said lock (10, 70); said electronic circuit (11) comprises a Bluetooth communication device (13); an Internet communication device (14); a GPS localization device (15); said system further comprises: a cloud (30) containing the data for the management of said system; a management centre (35) of said system; said management centre (35) is adapted to communicate with said cloud (30); a smartphone (21); said smartphone (21) comprises a Bluetooth communication device (22); an HTTPS communication device (23); and a GPS localization device (24); said electronic circuit (11) and said smartphone (21) are adapted to communicate with said cloud (30); said smartphone (21) is adapted to communicate with said electronic circuit (11); said lock (10, 70) opens if the following conditions are met: the GPS position of the lock (10, 70) coincides with the delivery position; the GPS position of the smartphone (21) coincides with the delivery position; said smartphone (21) is recognized by the system; said lock comprises coupling means (56, 74), located on a first door adapted to close against closing means (59, 71) located on a second door and locking means (60, 78) adapted to lock said coupling means (56, 74) in the closed position.

It is provided a location determiner comprising: a first antenna; a radio signal modification device, wherein the radio signal modification device is configured to improve an ability to determine whether the portable key device is located on a back side or on a front side of the location determiner, based on obtaining a channel impulse response, CIR, of an impulse signal transmitted from the portable key device, wherein the location determiner is installable such that the back side is in a space being restricted by selectively unlockable a physical barrier and the front side is opposite the back side.

It is provided a method for determining when a portable key device is located on a front side or on a back side in relation to a barrier secured by an electronic lock. The method is performed in a location determiner and comprises the steps of: obtaining a channel impulse response, CIR, based on an impulse signal transmitted from the portable key device, the CIR being based on a plurality of samples of the impulse signal as received by an antenna being fixedly mounted in relation to the electronic lock; and determining, based on the CIR, whether the portable key device is located on the front side or on the back side.

An access system includcomprises a control unit in a vehicle, and a portable electronic device comprising a battery and a switch or a button. The portable electronic device comprises a transponder unit wirelessly supplied with power by the control unit . The control unit transmits a request signal to the portable electronic device. The portable electronic device checks, upon receipt of the request signal, whether supplying power by the battery is possible, provides wireless power supply by the control unit to the transponder unit, transmits a response signal to the control unit when supplying power by the battery is not possible, and when supplying power by the battery is possible and the switch or button was actuated within a specific time period around the receipt of the request signal. The vehicle is unlocked if the portable electronic device is recognized as belonging to the vehicle based on the response signal.

A battery exchange method has: receiving, from a first battery exchange station, a first alert indicating an issue regarding a battery inventory of the first battery exchange station; receiving, from a mobile device, a second alert indicating that the second battery exchange station does not release a second battery in response to an insertion of a first battery in one of a plurality of battery slots of the second battery exchange station; and providing an authorization to acquire the second battery from the second battery exchange station to the mobile device if the first and second alerts are associated with the same battery exchange station.

An authentication method in a secure channel unused mode on a first terminal in which Fine Ranging (FiRa) applet drives according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes generating a session basic information including a random value, transmitting the generated session basic information to a second terminal, generating session data including a session key from the generated session basic information using an authentication key pre-shared with the second terminal, and performing ultra-wide band (UWB) ranging with the second terminal using the generated session data.

An electronic lock can enter a lockdown mode in response to a lockdown command comprising a mechanical command, e.g. a button or door handle being pressed on the lock in a predefined time-series sequence, or touching the lock in a time-series sequence). Alternatively, an audio or visual command can be issued, e.g. saying certain words or making a hand gesture. The lock may require additional authentication before executing the lockdown command, e.g. recognizing an authorized electronic key. Other embodiments are also provided.

A physical access control system enables acceptable portal entry codes upon receiving each physical access request by operating on the elapsed time from a previous physical access request to generate a temporal credential. The controller receives a plurality of physical access requests from a plurality of mobile application devices. Upon authenticating the first access request, the controller eliminates repetition from the space of acceptable successor requests from each mobile application device. Monotonic nonces advance the range of temporal code matches. Entry code generation is decentralized to distributed application devices and is inherently unknowable until a successor access request is initiated by the same application device.