Examples include authenticating a banknote having at least one printed area on a substrate thereof. An optoelectronic capturing device captures the at least one printed area on respective substrates of each of a plurality of copies of the same type of banknote to be authenticated and provides raw image data to a processor unit for visualizing the respective captured printed areas as an image on a display device connected to the processor unit. The processor unit partitions the respective image into a plurality of regions of interest (ROIs) and selectively provides different features for authentication of the certain type of banknote from the raw image data of each of the ROIs. Different selected features each form different classification models and authentication of a banknote to be presently authenticated is carried out using a plurality of classification models.

Examples include authenticating a banknote having at least one printed area on a substrate thereof. An optoelectronic capturing device captures the at least one printed area on respective substrates of each of a plurality of copies of the same type of banknote to be authenticated and provides raw image data to a processor unit for visualizing the respective captured printed areas as an image on a display device connected to the processor unit. The processor unit partitions the respective image into a plurality of regions of interest (ROIs) and selectively provides different features for authentication of the certain type of banknote from the raw image data of each of the ROIs. Different selected features each form different classification models and authentication of a banknote to be presently authenticated is carried out using a plurality of classification models.

Methods and apparatuses for detecting characteristics of a card include a method for identifying a card containing foil, the foil detection method comprising converting an image file depicting a card into a hue, saturation, value (HSV) colour space, applying a value mask to exclude a group of pixels from analysis that do not form an intensified brightness area, and comparing the number of remaining pixels against a threshold to determine whether the card contains foil. In another aspect, a method for assigning a condition grading to a card comprises converting an image file depicting a diffusely illuminated card into an HSV colour space, isolating a uniform portion of the converted image file, applying a value mask to the converted image file to exclude pixels forming an undamaged portion of the card, and comparing the number of remaining pixels to a plurality of grading thresholds to assign a condition grading.

A method for producing a multilayer body (1), in particular laminating film or transfer film, wherein a replication layer (12) is applied to a carrier layer (11), and a first graphic code (21) is Fourier-transformed into a two-dimensional Fourier pattern (23) and the two-dimensional Fourier pattern (23) is binarized in order to obtain a binarized two-dimensional Fourier pattern (24), and the binarized two-dimensional Fourier pattern (24) is transferred onto a stamping tool, and the binarized two-dimensional Fourier pattern (24) is molded as a stamping structure into the replication layer (12) at least partially in a first region by means of the stamping tool.