A brake cylinder includes a brake cylinder housing having a master chamber, a slave chamber, and a wall disposed there between. The wall defines at least one opening configured to provide fluid communication between the master chamber and the slave chamber. The brake cylinder also includes a master piston configured to pressurize fluid in the master chamber when a brake pedal is pressed. The brake cylinder further includes a slave piston and a pressure sensor disposed in fluid communication with the slave chamber. The pressure sensor is configured to measure pressure in the slave chamber and send a signal to a processor indicating of movement of the brake pedal. When pressurizing fluid in the master chamber, the master piston is configured to drive fluid from the master chamber to the slave chamber via the at least one opening to increase pressure in the slave chamber.

A system for adjusting a control pedal distance and orientation relative to a user of a driving-related assembly, the system comprising a moveable pedal plate having a pedal assembly attachment region and at least one distal attachment point located near a distal end region thereof, and at least one proximal pivotable attachment point, each of the distal attachment point and proximal pivotable attachment point having respective distal coupling means and proximal pivotable coupling means. The system further comprises a connecting member having a pivotable coupling means located near respective first and second ends, wherein the pivotable coupling means located near the first end is matable with the proximal pivotable coupling means, and the second end is matable with a connecting member anchor. The system further comprises at least one substantially upright fixation member having a plurality of predetermined coupling points.

A remotely actuated emergency medical services training apparatus designed to simulate a moving ambulance. The apparatus is comprised of a mock up of the rear of an ambulance positioned on a set of suspension parts controlled by a computer. A lower base and an upper base are connected via a set of air springs, shock absorbers, and sway braces. The upper base is connected to the mock up of the ambulance. Air springs which move the upper base relative to the lower base are controlled by a set of programmed instructions resident on the computer or manually by a joystick controller connected to the computer. Each component of the apparatus is sized to be easily transported through typically dimensioned doorways and hallways such that assembly and disassembly within the confines of a typical classroom is possible.

A remotely actuated emergency medical services training apparatus designed to simulate a moving ambulance. The apparatus is comprised of a mock up of the rear of an ambulance positioned on a set of suspension parts controlled by a computer. A lower base and an upper base are connected via a set of air springs, shock absorbers, and sway braces. The upper base is connected to the mock up of the ambulance. Air springs which move the upper base relative to the lower base are controlled by a set of programmed instructions resident on the computer or manually by a joystick controller connected to the computer. Each component of the apparatus is sized to be easily transported through typically dimensioned doorways and hallways such that assembly and disassembly within the confines of a typical classroom is possible.

A virtual driving simulation device and a method for improving a sensation of immersion therefore that may improve the sensation of immersion for a driving simulation in a virtual environment includes a microphone for measuring a 3D sound, and a processor that is configured to record the 3D sound through the microphone, analyze a sound realization influence by reproducing the recorded 3D sound through higher-order ambisonics (HOA) encoding and HOA decoding, and realize the sensation of immersion based on a result of analyzing the sound realization influence.

A virtual driving simulation device and a method for improving a sensation of immersion therefore that may improve the sensation of immersion for a driving simulation in a virtual environment includes a microphone for measuring a 3D sound, and a processor that is configured to record the 3D sound through the microphone, analyze a sound realization influence by reproducing the recorded 3D sound through higher-order ambisonics (HOA) encoding and HOA decoding, and realize the sensation of immersion based on a result of analyzing the sound realization influence.

A computer-implemented method for determining a computational effort of a virtual test of a device for driving a motor vehicle at least partly autonomously includes: providing at least one parameter set of driving situation parameters and of configuration data of a first algorithm that performs the virtual test, wherein the virtual test performed by the first algorithm simulates the at least one parameter set of driving situation parameters, and wherein the result of the simulation is used to determine at least one further parameter set of driving situation parameters that is simulated in a subsequent iteration; applying a second algorithm to the at least one parameter set of driving situation parameters and the configuration data of the first algorithm; and outputting at least one numerical value that represents the computational effort of the virtual test.

Depth-image analysis is performed with a device that analyzes a human target within an observed scene by capturing depth-images that include depth information from the observed scene. The human target is modeled with a virtual skeleton including a plurality of joints. The virtual skeleton is used as an input for controlling a driving simulation.

Depth-image analysis is performed with a device that analyzes a human target within an observed scene by capturing depth-images that include depth information from the observed scene. The human target is modeled with a virtual skeleton including a plurality of joints. The virtual skeleton is used as an input for controlling a driving simulation.

A simulation device includes an outer frame and an inner frame. The outer frame is fixed to a floor surface and the inner frame is slideably interfaced to the outer frame. The inner frame has an inner frame axis. A hydraulic cylinder is interfaced between the outer frame and the inner frame. Operation of the hydraulic cylinder slides the inner frame with respect to the outer frame along the inner frame axis. A yaw platform is interfaced to the inner frame at one end at a pivot and at a distal opposing end by two or more bearings. The yaw platform has a yaw platform axis. Operation of a yaw motor or a yaw hydraulic ram interfaced between the yaw platform and the inner frame causes the yaw platform to change an angle between the inner frame axis and the yaw platform axis, providing simulation of yaw (loss of control).