A surgical training model can have features for training surgical suturing techniques. The training model can be formed as a sheet of simulated tissue having at least one cut with markings arranged on either side of the cut. The markings can be formed of a first layer of resilient simulated tissue material having a color that contrasts with a color of the remainder of the sheet of simulated tissue material. The sheet of simulated tissue material can have several cuts having different configurations and orientations to facilitate suturing training for a variety of tissue orientations. The sheet of simulated tissue material can further include holes positioned to be mounted to a base of a surgical training system. The sheet of simulated tissue material can be manufactured by molding a marking layer and casting a tissue layer over the marking layer.

A method for simulating an insertion of an elongated instrument into a subject, the method comprising: receiving one of an actual angular position and a rotation angle for a proximal section of the elongated instrument, at least a distal end of the elongated instrument being inserted into a medical apparatus; determining a distal angular position for the distal end of the elongated instrument inserted into the medical apparatus using an adjustment factor and the one of the actual angular position and the rotation angle for the proximal section of the elongated instrument; generating a medical image of at least a portion of the subject, the medical image comprising at least a representation of a distal section of the elongated instrument, the representation of the distal section being generated according to the distal angular position; and outputting the generated medical image.

An apparatus for simulating an insertion of an elongated instrument into a subject, comprising: a frame extending between two end walls along a first axis and two lateral walls along a second axis, one of the two end walls being provided with an insertion aperture and one of the two lateral walls being provided an insertion hole, the insertion aperture defining a first passageway and the insertion hole defining a second passageway, the first and second passageways intersecting each other at an intersection point; and a sensing unit contained within the frame and configured for measuring at least one of a displacement of the elongated member and a rotation of the elongated member, the sensing unit being positioned adjacent to the intersection point for performing the measurement of the at least one of the displacement and the rotation at the intersection point.

A training system to teach use of an ultrasound probe, the training system having a chamber defining an orifice, a shaft insertable into the orifice of the chamber, a marker positioned on the shaft at a distal end, a camera positioned to view the marker when inserted inside the chamber, and a processor operatively connected to the camera for processing a position and an orientation of the shaft based on the marker. The system provides a method for visualizing movement of the shaft from inside the chamber.

Virtual reality (VR) surgical systems with haptic feedback are described herein that can be used to simulate several instruments and surgeries. The instruments can include a tool assembly; first and second brackets each having first shafts that are rotatably coupled at first and second end regions of the tool assembly and second shafts that are rotatably coupled to first and second robotic arms; a surgical tool assembly coupled to an end portion of the tool assembly and having an elongated member that extends within the tool assembly; an elongated member position sensor assembly configured to provide position information of a position of the elongated member to a computing unit; and an elongated member force feedback assembly housed within the cavity and coupled to the elongated member. The elongated member force feedback assembly is configured to provide haptic feedback to the user of the instrument.

In certain embodiments, the present disclosure provides an anthropomorphic phantom for use with cryoneurolysis training. The anthropomorphic phantom having a body shaped to simulate a human anatomical structure. In some forms, the phantom body comprises a first material configured to simulate human soft tissue, a simulated nerve embedded within the first material, and a simulated fascial plane embedded within the first material superficial to the simulated nerve.

Embodiments of the present invention provide GYN pathology simulation models for surgical training. These models are energy-compatible models emulating the tissue-based diseases of the female reproductive system to allow the surgical trainees and surgeons to practice advanced OB/GYN surgical skills. One simulated GYN model includes an electrically conductive elongated tube encapsulating a mass of non-conductive material. The elongated tube having a sidewall with an inner surface and outer surface extending between a proximal end and distal end. The sidewall is configured to have a cavity with a specific volume to yield an external protuberance when filled with the mass of non-conductive material. Another simulated GYN model includes a fluid-filled cystic body encapsulated within an electrically conductive bulbous hollow structure. The fluid-filled cystic body is selectively adhered to the bulbous hollow structure in at least one or more regions, thereby creating a plane for a combination of blunt and sharp dissection.

Innovative instrument holders used for minimally invasive surgical simulation and training are disclosed when used in conjunction with a smartphone, tablet or mini-tablet computer enabling visualization of the surgical field. The surgical field used with these instrument holders can include animal models, physical models, and both virtual and augmented reality models. Some embodiments can be used with applications that can be downloaded to the smartphone, tablet or mini-tablet computer in order to enhance specific hand-eye coordination tasks. Some embodiments can be used as an adjunct surgical trainer for endoscopy, colonoscopy, and other minimally invasive gastrointestinal and gynecological surgical procedures using surgical instruments that incorporate fiber optics.

System for training an interventionalist to perform an invasive percutaneous or endoscopic intervention on an organ includes a pipe having a size and/or shape similar to a body vessel or tubular body cavity connected to the organ. An exit of the pipe simulates or represents an exit of the vessel or cavity at the organ. A tool is inserted at an entrance of the pipe and pushed through the pipe. A stereoscopic camera acquires images of an end portion of the tool as it exits from the pipe. A model generating unit generates a real-time 3D model of this end portion from the images. A merging unit merges in real time the real-time model and a pre-computed 3D model of the organ into a common environment displayed so that the interventionalist can see in real-time where the real-time model of the tool is located with respect to the pre-computed model.

The present invention provides reusable safety syringe devices for use as a teaching and practice tool. The safety syringe device of the present invention comprises four primary parts: (1) a first tubular member; (2) a second tubular member disposed within an inner annular cavity of the first tubular member; (3) a syringe secured within an inner annular cavity of the second tubular member; and (4) a plunger rod, wherein the plunger rod comprises a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the proximal end and distal end are connected by a shaft, wherein the proximal end comprises a first plunger rod flange having a first diameter and a removable second plunger rod flange having a second diameter, wherein the first diameter is smaller than the second diameter and the first plunger rod flange is located below the second plunger rod flange on the shaft.