An embodiment includes a system comprising: an artery, a vein, and a nerve; a first length of tubing adjacent at least one of the vein, artery, and nerve; a second length of tubing to couple to the first length of tubing; and a pump comprising a number of actuators; wherein when the system when operating is configured such that (b)(i) the second length of tubing couples to at least one of the number of actuators, (b)(ii) ends of the first and second lengths of tubing are closed, (b)(iii) a second end of the first length of tubing is operatively coupled to a second end of the second length of tubing, (b)(v) the pump pulsates fluid within the first length of tubing in response to the number of actuators intermittently contacting the second length of tubing.

A training system to teach use of an ultrasound probe, the training system having a chamber defining an orifice, a shaft insertable into the orifice of the chamber, a marker positioned on the shaft at a distal end, a camera positioned to view the marker when inserted inside the chamber, and a processor operatively connected to the camera for processing a position and an orientation of the shaft based on the marker. The system provides a method for visualizing movement of the shaft from inside the chamber.

An electronic apparatus and method for medical examination of human body using haptics is provided. The electronic apparatus controls a first head-mounted display to render a 3D model of an anatomical portion of the body of a human subject. The rendered 3D model includes a region corresponding to defect portion in the anatomical portion. The electronic apparatus transmits a touch input to wearable sensor in contact with the anatomical portion. Such an input corresponds to a human touch on the region of the rendered 3D model. The electronic apparatus receives, based on the touch input, bio-signals associated with the defect portion via the wearable sensor. The bio-signals include physiological signals and somatic sensation information associated with the defect portion. As a response to the human touch, the electronic apparatus controls a wearable haptic device to generate a haptic feedback based on the received set of bio-signals.

A system and method for delivering psychomotor skill training, providing didactic instruction using an internet portal, tracking performance, and providing user feedback within a multisensory environment, serving as an integration for existing multimodal ultrasound training systems. This multisensory psychomotor skill training environment of the present invention would extend the existing described patented technologies by further adding realism through representation of virtual (digital) characters into a training scenario (e.g., pregnant patient), superimposing virtual (digital) guides or prompts onto actual real physical objects (e.g., anatomical landmarks or guides onto a mannequin or patient) embedding the training instruments within a broader virtual (digital) scenario (e.g., operating room). The ability to create these virtual, augmented, and mixed reality scenarios enables cost-effective, realistic, and improved training capabilities that mirror real-life training scenarios.

The present disclosure provides a resective epilepsy surgery simulator that incorporates biocompatible, dissectible materials as well as the surgical anatomy cues that would support the acquisition of the required technical skill set to ultimately broach the gap in surgical care for patients living with epilepsy. The simulator is produced by imaging a patient's brain and performing computer aided design to select the gray and white matter layers of the brain, the brain blood vessels, and the skull based on the imaging of the patient's brain and storing them in computer aided design files. These files are converted into a format readable by a 3D printer and programming the 3D printer to print the patient's brain simulator from the computer aided design files with the 3D printer containing multiple print-heads that extrude liquid polymer one multi-material layer at a time to produce a simulator of the patient's skull and brain.

Disclosed herein are methods of using spun synthetic fibers to model ligaments of a joint of an animal. Further disclosed are models of joints which comprise spun synthetic fibers used to model ligaments. In certain aspects, the models of joints can be used for instructional purposes, as phantom models for testing medical devices or as models for calibration of tools used in physiological and/or biomechanical measurement.

The present disclosure provides a medical image processing apparatus capable of readily creating, from a medical image, an electronic document that displays a three-dimensional body organ model. The medical image processing apparatus performs control to acquire patient information from DICOM additional information of medical image data designated when the creation of the electronic document has been instructed, and to create the electronic document of the three-dimensional body organ model corresponding to the medical image data, the electronic document containing the acquire patient information. To which patient the three-dimensional body organ model belongs can be identified on the electronic document.

A system and method of training how to use a medical device using an instrument such as a mock ultrasound probe or syringe to be tracked in 3D space with six degrees of freedom using an internal optical camera, a light source (e.g. infrared LEDs), and a display of markers arranged on a surface. By extracting corner information for each marker, a 3D transformation can be established, allowing the system to know the instrument's position and orientation in 3D space relative to that marker. Each marker also encodes a numerical value corresponding to its predetermined position and orientation on the surface, allowing the instrument to determine its own position and orientation relative to the surface. Thus, as long as the instrument is able to see at least one marker on an optical surface, the system will know its full 3D position and orientation relative to the whole optical surface.

A surgical simulation device is disclosed that allows a structural heart disease (SHD) team, including a surgeon and an imaging specialist to perform a simulated cardiac intervention procedure using a patient-specific model that replicates biomechanical and echogenic properties of a specific patient to be operated on. The surgical simulation device can include a station with a tank for receiving a patient-specific cartridge with the patient-specific model. The device can also include an esophageal access system in the station and a vascular access system that couples to an access port of the station.

Ultrasound (US) simulation systems and methods are provided, which utilize computer tomography (CT) data to generate US simulation images, offline or online. Systems and methods repeatedly derive and display consecutive US simulation images that correspond to consecutively-derived corresponding US slices (according to the changing locations and orientations of a dummy US transducer mimicking the US transducer with respect to a physical patient model)—that define geometrically US simulation regions. The US simulation images are at least partly derived from CT data using a CT to US conversion model. Acoustic parameters (e.g., tissue density, acoustic attenuation and impedance) are calculated and integrated per pixel, along beams in the US slice, to form the US image. Additional modelling may be used to calculate reflection and scattering and their effects on the image pixels, and enhancements such as animation and flow data may be added.