A tooth model for dental treatment practice is composed of a transparent material and includes a root canal in which a hollow neural tube is formed and a crown formed on top of the root canal, wherein a coating layer is formed inside the neural tube by applying a paint based on an opaque material to an inner surface of the neural tube, so as to show the neural tube formed inside the root canal to the outside.

A manikin (1) comprising jointed body parts that are configurable to (1) closely mimic natural movement of corresponding body parts of a real baby and/or (2) closely mimic a range of poses or postures of a real baby. The baby manikin (1) includes a neck joint (11) (articulated ball and socket joint), a waist joint (12) (articulated ball and socket joint), a hip joint (13) (double ball and socket joint), two knee joints (14) (pin joints), two ankle joints (15) (articulated ball and socket joints), two shoulder joints (16) (double ball and socket joints), two elbow joints (17) (pin joints), and two wrist joints (18) (articulated ball and socket joints).

A vein simulator can enable a clinician to perform a PIVC workflow. This workflow can include preparation of simulated skin, insertion of a PIVC into a simulated vein, flushing a line of the PIVC and dressing and securing the PIVC to the simulated skin. The vein simulator may be formed of simulated tissue, simulated skin that is integrated into the simulated tissue and an embedded simulated vein that may be positioned within a protruding vein channel. Because the simulated skin is integrated into the simulated tissue, the vein simulator will provide a more realistic experience while practicing the workflow. A vein simulator may include one or more sensors to provide real-time feedback to a clinician while practicing the workflow.

A vein simulator can enable a clinician to perform a PIVC workflow. This workflow can include preparation of simulated skin, insertion of a PIVC into a simulated vein, flushing a line of the PIVC and dressing and securing the PIVC to the simulated skin. The vein simulator may be formed of simulated tissue, simulated skin that is integrated into the simulated tissue and an embedded simulated vein that may be positioned within a protruding vein channel. Because the simulated skin is integrated into the simulated tissue, the vein simulator will provide a more realistic experience while practicing the workflow. A vein simulator may include one or more sensors to provide real-time feedback to a clinician while practicing the workflow.

A simulated eye surgical training tool, namely an eye model that facilitates training of ophthalmic surgical procedures, such as goniotomy and trabecular meshwork manipulation. The eye model includes a core made of a rigid material and a Canal frame disposed at an upper end of the core that defines an inwardly-facing Schlemm's canal groove in an inner wall thereof. Various structures may be used in or across the Schlemm's canal groove to simulate a trabecular meshwork. For instance, a flexible sheet may span across the groove, or a soft material placed in the groove. Color or opacity may be used to distinguish the groove from surrounding structures. Also, a corneal dome having an upper hemispherical portion is mounted over the Canal frame, and a scleral dome having an upper bore is mounted around the corneal dome. The core may be mounted on one of a number of angled pedestals on a base.

A simulated eye surgical training tool, namely an eye model that facilitates training of ophthalmic surgical procedures, such as goniotomy and trabecular meshwork manipulation. The eye model includes a core made of a rigid material and a Canal frame disposed at an upper end of the core that defines an inwardly-facing Schlemm's canal groove in an inner wall thereof. Various structures may be used in or across the Schlemm's canal groove to simulate a trabecular meshwork. For instance, a flexible sheet may span across the groove, or a soft material placed in the groove. Color or opacity may be used to distinguish the groove from surrounding structures. Also, a corneal dome having an upper hemispherical portion is mounted over the Canal frame, and a scleral dome having an upper bore is mounted around the corneal dome. The core may be mounted on one of a number of angled pedestals on a base.

An augmented reality training system provides immersive training scenarios, and uses a scenario management engine to assess scenario results and recommend appropriate subsequent scenarios. Scenario results may be assessed based upon comparison to doctrinal methods, expert performance, peer performance, or student past performance. Based upon assessments, a student may be presented with challenge appropriate subsequent scenarios. Determination of the challenge or complexity of scenarios for purposes of such recommendations may be accomplished by determination of an objective complexity or challenge metric that is based upon the results of scenario training across multiple students. One example of such a metric is a Shannon entropy metric, which calculates the unpredictability of a scenario by comparing actions taken during the scenario to a configured depth.

A surgical trainer facilitates the training of a medical practitioner in one or more surgical includes one or more layers of healable synthetic tissues. The healable synthetic tissue includes healable material configured to facilitate a re-bonding of the healable synthetic tissues to their original shape after an incision is made to the healable synthetic tissues.

A surgical trainer facilitates the training of a medical practitioner in one or more surgical includes one or more layers of healable synthetic tissues. The healable synthetic tissue includes healable material configured to facilitate a re-bonding of the healable synthetic tissues to their original shape after an incision is made to the healable synthetic tissues.

An injection system can have a Syringe Dose and Position Apparatus (SDPA) mounted to a syringe. The SDPA can have one or more circuit boards. The SDPA can include one or more sensors for determining information about an injection procedure, such as the dose measurement, injection location, and the like. The SDPA can also include a power management board, which can be a separate board than a board mounted with the sensors. The syringe can also include a light source in the needle. Light emitted from the light source can be detected by light detectors inside a training apparatus configured to receive the injection. The syringe can have a power source for powering the sensors and the light source. The SDPA and the power source can be mounted to the syringe flange.