A multilayer exchange spring recording media consists of a magnetically hard magnetic storage layer strongly exchange coupled to a softer nucleation host. The strong exchange coupling can be through a coupling layer or direct. The hard magnetic storage layer has a strong perpendicular anisotropy. The nucleation host consists of one or more ferromagnetic coupled layers. For a multilayer nucleation host the anisotropy increases from layer to layer. The anisotropy in the softest layer of the nucleation host can be two times smaller than that of the hard magnetic storage layer. The lateral exchange between the grains is small. The nucleation host decreases the coercive field significantly while keeping the energy barrier of the hard layer almost unchanged. The coercive field of the total structure depends on one over number of layers in the nucleation host. The invention proposes a recording media that overcomes the writeability problem of perpendicular recording media.

A magnetic recording medium includes: a substrate; and a magnetic layer including a ferrimagnetic particle powder. A product (VSFD) of a particle volume V and a holding force distribution SFD of the ferrimagnetic particle is equal to or less than 2500 nm.sup.3.

A pouring fitting having a flow passage for flowing fluid substance 100, wherein said flow passage is forming a liquid-permeable surface 110 in at least the tip portion thereof that serves as a pouring port. The pouring fitting has markedly improved slipping property and non-adhering property for liquid or paste-like fluid substances.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a magnetic recording medium capable of achieving high recording density by decreasing the bit transition width of a heat-assisted magnetic recording medium during the heat-assisted recording stage. The magnetic recording medium according to the present invention includes a non-magnetic substrate and a magnetic recording layer, wherein the magnetic recording layer includes an ordered alloy containing Fe, Pt and Ru, the ordered alloy includes x atom % of Fe, y atom % of Pt and z atom % of Ru on the basis of the total number of the Fe, Pt and Ru atoms, and the parameters x, y and z satisfy the following expressions (i)-(v): (i) 0.85x/y1.3; (ii) x53; (iii) y51; (iv) 0.6z20; and (v) x+y+z=100.

A heat-sealable polymer-based multilayer film for peelable packaging comprising a polymer-based core layer having an interior-facing side and an exterior-facing side; a peelable intermediate layer on the interior-facing side of the core layer, the peelable layer having an interior-facing side and a core-facing side, and the peelable layer containing a peeling agent; and an interior skin layer on the interior-facing side of the peelable layer; wherein the core layer is polypropylene-based and contains a propylene-ethylene copolymer to impart puncture-resistance to the multilayer film.

An apparatus includes a substrate and a magnetic layer coupled to the substrate. The magnetic layer includes an alloy that has magnetic hardness that is a function of the degree of chemical ordering of the alloy. The degree of chemical ordering of the alloy in a first portion of the magnetic layer is greater than the degree of chemical ordering of the alloy in a second portion of the magnetic layer, and the first portion of the magnetic layer is closer to the substrate than the second portion of the magnetic layer.

A recording medium having improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) capabilities includes a NiFeX-based magnetic seed layer over a soft magnetic underlayer, where X comprises an element that is soluble in and has a higher melting point than Ni. X may be selected from a group of elements, including ruthenium (Ru), which may facilitate growth of smaller grains and distributions in the corresponding magnetic recording layer(s).

In an X-ray topography image for a crystal growth main surface of a single-crystal diamond, a group of crystal defect points are gathered, each of the crystal defect points being a tip point of a crystal defect line reaching the crystal growth main surface, the crystal defect line representing a line in which a crystal defect exists. Further, in the single-crystal diamond, a plurality of crystal defect line-like gathered regions exist in parallel. In the plurality of crystal defect line-like gathered regions, groups of crystal defect points are gathered to extend in the form of lines in a direction angled by not more than 30 relative to one arbitrarily specified direction. Accordingly, a single-crystal diamond is provided which is used suitably for a cutting tool, a polishing tool, an optical component, an electronic component, a semiconductor material, and the like.

A stack includes a substrate and a magnetic recording layer. Disposed between the substrate and magnetic recording layer is an MgOTi(ON) layer.

A layer stack for growing graphene or carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is described. The layer stack comprises a substrate, a protective layer, and an attachment surface disposed therebetween. The protective layer is configured to allow carbon diffusion therethrough to the attachment surface, such that graphene or CNTs grow therefrom.