According to one embodiment, a magnetic disk device including a disk, a head, and a controller which sets a first track pitch based on fringing when a second track is written, sets a second track pitch based on fringing when a third track is written, calculates a difference between the first track pitch and the second track pitch, sets, when the difference is less than or equal to a reference value, an area to which the first track is written in a first recording area, and sets, when the difference is greater than the reference value, the area to which the first track is written in a second recording area.

The disclosed technology provides a method that improves SMR throughput in vibration in storage systems. In one implementation, the method comprises receiving a write command to write data on a first track in a band of a storage medium, performing a vibration detection scheme to identify vibration events, determining if a number of vibration events is above a predetermined threshold, skipping the first track responsive to determining the number of vibration events is above a predetermined threshold, seeking to a second track adjacent to the first track, increasing an OCLIM on the second track adjacent to the first track from a default OCLIM to an increased OCLIM, and shifting the writer center on the second track adjacent to the first track.

On each of a plurality of recording layers of a write-once optical disc, two tracks constituted of adjacent land and groove are formed in a spiral shape. A writing method of data includes: a step of receiving data and a writing instruction of the data; and a step of recording management information, wherein the management information includes: virtual sequential recording range information that manages a last recorded address of the data as a virtual physical sector number; defect list that indicates a replacement correspondence relationship between the virtual physical sector number and an actually recorded physical sector number; and real next writable address information that indicates a real next writable address that is actually recordable subsequently to the physical sector number.

Data can be encoded in physical medium and represented by shapes having many various physical attributes. In various examples, data points are encoded and represented by the physical shape, color, size, and/or structure of objects. In one embodiment, holes in memory surface substrates represent data. Various attributes of such holes, including depth, profile size, profile shape, and/or angle can represent data.

An improved interface for managing disparate read, write, and erase sizes and operations in data storage devices is provided. By improving an interface between a storage system driver layer and associated storage devices, performance of data storage is improved, including improving data storage speed and storage media endurance. Storage media management operations are made more efficient and consistent by providing improved types and sequences of commands sent from the driver layer to the device control layer such that data write operations are performed in a sequential manner as write commands are directed to portions of data as opposed to buffering individual portions of data followed by a large wholescale write/erase process for the buffered data.

An optical disk (100) of the present invention includes (i) a medium information region (101) (a) in which type identification information is recorded by recesses and/or protrusions which are formed by a given modulation method and whose lengths are longer than a length of an optical system resolution limit of a playback device and (b) in which first address information is recorded in a first address data format and (ii) a data region (102) (a) in which content data is recorded by recesses and/or protrusions which are formed by the given modulation method and which include a recess and/or a protrusion whose length is shorter than the length of the optical system resolution limit and (b) in which second address information is recorded in a second address data format.

The disclosed technology provides a method that reduces time to recover in storage systems. In one implementation, the method comprises entering an idle status, determining if there is an incomplete band update operation, invalidating a media scratch pad (MSP) by clearing headers responsive to determining there is no incomplete band update operation, performing a power cycle, reading an MSP header, and determining if an MSP header is valid. If a rude power cycle occurs and the MSP header is determined to be valid, an MSP is examined, and restored if required. If a safe power cycle occurs, an MSP restore operation is not required, reducing time to recover.

Methods and apparatus associated with storing data in high or low energy zones are described. Example apparatus include a data storage system (DSS) that protects a message using an erasure code (EC). A location in the DSS may have an energy efficiency rating or a latency. Example apparatus include logics that produce an EC that has a likelihood of use, that select a location to store the EC in the DSS based on the energy efficiency rating, the latency, or the likelihood of use, that store the EC in the location, and that compute an order of retrieval for an EC stored in the location. The order of retrieval may be based on the energy efficiency rating or the latency. The EC may also have a priority based on the number of erasures for which the EC corrects.

A method is disclosed that includes: receiving, via a network digital video recorder, a request to record requested content; receiving, via a network digital video recorder at a first time, the requested content in a first format and the requested content in a second format; storing, via the network digital video recorder, the requested content in the first format; storing, via the network digital video recorder, the requested content in the second format; deleting, from network digital video recorder, the requested content in the second format after a predetermined time period; and transcoding, via an on demand transcoder, the requested content in the first format to the requested content in a third format after the predetermined time period.

An information recording medium (10) including a first region (11) in which medium identification information has been recorded, a data region (13), and a second region (12) which is positioned between the first region (11) and the data region (13) and in which control information has been recorded, in which an area of the first region (11) is greater than an area of the second region (12) in size.