An apparatus for protecting an interior surface of a fusion reactor vessel. The apparatus comprises a power supply operably connected to an electrode for insertion into the vessel. The apparatus supports a solid material within the vessel, and is configured such that power supplied to the electrode within the vessel causes a plasma located in proximity to the solid material to sputter the solid material in order to deposit a protective material on said interior surface.

An environmentally-friendly airport with renewable energy sources. The environmentally-friendly airport includes a security zone encompassing the land area of the airport, and a plurality of runways across the land area. There are one or more terminals within the security zone encompassing the land area of the airport. Further, a plurality of power generator systems are disposed within the land area for generating renewable, clean energy, and an industrial zone is placed within a boundary formed by the runways.

An environmentally-friendly airport with renewable energy sources. The environmentally-friendly airport includes a security zone encompassing the land area of the airport, and a plurality of runways across the land area. There are one or more terminals within the security zone encompassing the land area of the airport. Further, a plurality of power generator systems are disposed within the land area for generating renewable, clean energy, and an industrial zone is placed within a boundary formed by the runways.

An apparatus for creating composite particles with nuclei and electrons in one or more bound states. The apparatus has a vessel containing a gas such as hydrogen, deuterium or helium at a predetermined pressure, and a pair of electrodes extending into the vessel. The positive electrode is separated from the negative electrode by an adjustable gap. One or more capacitors are connected to the electrodes to provide a DC discharge, causing an arc across the electrodes. The apparatus has a pump configured to circulate the gas at a predetermined flow rate through the gap between the electrodes. Discharging the capacitors creates an electrical arc across the gap that ionizes the gas, generating a plasma that includes composite particles having a nuclei and electrons in the one or more bound states.

An apparatus for creating composite particles with nuclei and electrons in one or more bound states. The apparatus has a vessel containing a gas such as hydrogen, deuterium or helium at a predetermined pressure, and a pair of electrodes extending into the vessel. The positive electrode is separated from the negative electrode by an adjustable gap. One or more capacitors are connected to the electrodes to provide a DC discharge, causing an arc across the electrodes. The apparatus has a pump configured to circulate the gas at a predetermined flow rate through the gap between the electrodes. Discharging the capacitors creates an electrical arc across the gap that ionizes the gas, generating a plasma that includes composite particles having a nuclei and electrons in the one or more bound states.

Methods, apparatuses, devices, and systems for producing and controlling and fusion activities of nuclei. Hydrogen atoms or other neutral species (neutrals) are induced to rotational motion in a confinement region as a result of ion-neutral coupling, in which ions are driven by electric and magnetic fields. The controlled fusion activities cover a spectrum of reactions including aneutronic reactions such as proton-boron-11 fusion reactions.

Methods, apparatuses, devices, and systems for producing and controlling and fusion activities of nuclei. Hydrogen atoms or other neutral species (neutrals) are induced to rotational motion in a confinement region as a result of ion-neutral coupling, in which ions are driven by electric and magnetic fields. The controlled fusion activities cover a spectrum of reactions including aneutronic reactions such as proton-boron-11 fusion reactions.

Plasma processing systems and methods for fusion power applications are disclosed. The system can include a plasma confinement device including a reaction chamber; a plasma formation and injection device configured to form a source plasma outside the reaction chamber and inject the source plasma inside the reaction chamber; and a power supply configured to supply power to the plasma confinement device to apply a voltage across the reaction chamber to compress the source plasma into a Z-pinch plasma capable of sustaining fusion reactions. The plasma confinement device can include an inner electrode surrounded by an outer electrode to define therebetween an acceleration region of the reaction chamber. The outer electrode can extend beyond the inner electrode to define an assembly region of the reaction chamber. The source plasma can be injected in the acceleration region and flowed into the assembly region to be compressed into the Z-pinch plasma.

The invention relates to systems, methods, and devices for imparting energy from dipolar molecules to a circuit in a reactor using electric and magnetic fields. The method as disclosed increases the conductivity of the circuit using dipolar molecules and inducing nuclear fusion to produce heat. The result of the process is to deliver exceptional amounts of controllable energy in an efficient carbon-free manner using an abundant source.

The invention relates to systems, methods, and devices for imparting energy from dipolar molecules to a circuit in a reactor using electric and magnetic fields. The method as disclosed increases the conductivity of the circuit using dipolar molecules and inducing nuclear fusion to produce heat. The result of the process is to deliver exceptional amounts of controllable energy in an efficient carbon-free manner using an abundant source.