An integrated reactor shield structure includes radially adjacent layers. Each layer includes radially extending walls defining cells and a sheet surrounding the radially extending walls. Biologic shielding material is disposed in each of the cells. Integrated pressure vessel structures are also disclosed.

An easy-to-construct nuclear reactor shielding facility with robust shielding against ionizing radiation is provided. This nuclear reactor shielding facility is a nuclear reactor shielding facility for shielding a nuclear reactor installed on an installation surface by enclosing the nuclear reactor, and includes: a base structure that is disposed around an outer surface of the nuclear reactor except for the installation surface, and encloses an entire surface of the nuclear reactor except for the installation surface; and a shielding structure that is disposed on an entire surface of the base structure and internal of which is filled with water.

A feedthrough for shielding against radioactive radiation includes electrical feedthrough conductors, a tubular metal housing, a connecting conductor, and shielding bodies. The tubular metal housing includes ends and seals, the ends including a seals so that an interior is formed in the tubular housing between the seals. The seals include an insulating body through which an electrical feedthrough conductor is fed so that the electrical feedthrough conductor is fixed in the seals while electrically insulated from the tubular housing. The connecting conductor extends in the interior and connects an electrical feedthrough conductor at one of the seals to an electrical feedthrough conductor at another of the seals. The shielding bodies, which are respectively interrupted by at least one opening therein, are arranged successively in an axial direction of the tubular housing, the connecting conductor being fed through the opening. The shielding bodies shield against radioactive radiation by way of shielding material.

A modular nuclear shield wall construction block /1, 40 )comprising a framework (30) formed from a basalt fibre reinforced polymer composite and concrete interspersed within the framework, wherein the block is configured to interlock with a corresponding block in one or more dimensions. A method (500) of forming a modular construction block (1, 40); and a method (600) of forming a modular structure are also disclosed.