The present disclosure, in an embodiment, is a facility that includes a device configured to generate a beam having an energy range of 5 MeV to 500 MeV, a first radiation shielding wall surrounding the device, a second radiation shielding wall surrounding the first radiation shielding wall, radiation shielding fill material positioned between the first radiation shielding wall and the second radiation shielding wall forming a first barrier. In embodiments, the radiation shielding fill material includes at least fifty percent by weight of an element having an atomic number from 12 to 83, and a thickness of the first barrier is 0.5 meter to 6 meters.

Described herein is a powder blend comprising a first component comprising a blend of a first metal particle and a first ceramic particle; and a second component comprising a reinforcing chip, the reinforcing chip comprising a second ceramic particle dispersed within a chip metal matrix.

Neutron shielding for the central column of a tokamak nuclear fusion reactor. The neutron shielding comprises an electrically conductive neutron absorbing material. The neutron shielding is arranged such that the electrically conductive neutron absorbing material forms a solenoid for the initiation of plasma within the tokamak.

Neutron shielding for the central column of a tokamak nuclear fusion reactor. The neutron shielding comprises an electrically conductive neutron absorbing material. The neutron shielding is arranged such that the electrically conductive neutron absorbing material forms a solenoid for the initiation of plasma within the tokamak.

The present disclosure, in an embodiment, is a facility that includes a device configured to generate a beam having an energy range of 5 MeV to 500 MeV, a first radiation shielding wall surrounding the device, a second radiation shielding wall surrounding the first radiation shielding wall, radiation shielding fill material positioned between the first radiation shielding wall and the second radiation shielding wall forming a first barrier. In embodiments, the radiation shielding fill material includes at least fifty percent by weight of an element having an atomic number from 12 to 83, and a thickness of the first barrier is 0.5 meter to 6 meters.

A method for preparing low-background cement includes: uniformly mixing a seed crystal of cement, C.sub.4AF whiskers, and high-magnesium raw material to yield a first mixture, calcining the first mixture at 1400-1500 C., to yield a low-background clinker, the first mixture including 1.0-5.0 wt. % of the seed crystal of cement, 1.0-5.0 wt. % of the C.sub.4AF whiskers, and the balance is the high-magnesium raw material; and grinding a second mixture of the low-background clinker and gypsum, to yield low-background cement. The seed crystal of cement is a high-magnesium and low hydration heat clinker, has a specific activity of Ra-226 radioactive nuclides within 50 Bq/kg, and the MgO content of the clinker is between 4.0 wt. % and 5.0 wt. %, with 50 wt. % <C.sub.3S <55.0 wt. %; and the high-magnesium raw material has a MgO content between 2.5 wt. % and 3.0 wt. %.

Neutron shielding for the central column of a tokamak nuclear fusion reactor. The neutron shielding comprises an electrically conductive neutron absorbing material. The neutron shielding is arranged such that the electrically conductive neutron absorbing material forms a solenoid for the initiation of plasma within the tokamak.

Neutron shielding for the central column of a tokamak nuclear fusion reactor. The neutron shielding comprises an electrically conductive neutron absorbing material. The neutron shielding is arranged such that the electrically conductive neutron absorbing material forms a solenoid for the initiation of plasma within the tokamak.

A shielding material for shielding radioactive ray and preparation method thereof. The shielding material consists of water, a cementing material, a fine aggregate material, a coarse aggregate material and an additive, wherein the fine aggregate material consists of a borosilicate glass powder and a barite sand, and the coarse aggregate material consists of a barite. A content of boron element in the borosilicate glass powder accounts for 0.5%-1% of the total weight of the shielding material. A content of barium sulfate in the barite sand and the barite accounts for 71%-75% of the total weight of the shielding material. Other contents include water, the cementing material and the additive, and a sum of contents of all components is 100% total weight of the shielding material.

The present disclosure provides for cementitious shielding compositions, methods of making the cementitious shielding composition, structures incorporating the concrete cementitious shielding composition, and the like, where the cementitious shielding composition includes elemental boron and/or a boron compound, for example as boron particles. The boron particles can be homogeneously distributed throughout the cementitious shielding composition and can have a largest least dimension of about 100 microns or less. The present disclosure, in some aspects, can reduce or eliminate problems associated with minerals found in concrete aggregates, because those materials are degraded over time by neutron radiation, which leads to disorganized lattice structures, manifested as damage by radiation-induced volumetric expansion (RIVE), and potentially further damage from alkali-silica reaction (ASR).