A spectroscopic measuring apparatus and method are provided. The apparatus includes a first light source, object, microlens, and imaging lenses, an optical fiber, a spectrometer and a position controller. The object lens to allows light from the first light source to be incident on a stage configured to support a measurement object. The microlens is disposed between the object lens and the stage. The imaging lens images light reflected from the measurement object. The optical fiber has an input terminal disposed on a first image plane of the imaging lens. The spectrometer is disposed at an output terminal of the optical fiber. The position controller controls positions of the object lens, the microlens, and the optical fiber, and adjusts the position of the object lens so that a focus of the object lens is positioned at a virtual image position of a virtual image generated by the microlens.

A proposed password is decomposed into basic components to determine and score transitions between the basic components and create a password score that measures the strength of the proposed password based on rules, such as concatenation, insertion, and replacement. The proposed password is scored against all known words, such as when a user is first asked to create a password for an account or access. The proposed password can also be scored against one or more previous passwords for the user, such as when the user is asked to change the user's previous password, to determine similarity between the two passwords.

The present system employs optical coherence tomography (OCT) or optical coherence microscopy (OCM) systems, including ultra-high resolution Gabor-domain optical coherence microscopy (GD-OCM), into a 3D flow imaging technique. This technique models the repeated scans as Gaussian latent variables, with the common variance representing both static tissue structure and dynamic blood flow, and the anisotropic unique variance representing tissue motion in specific frames. Since the motion generated variance is independent from that of the structure or the flow, by iteratively maximizing the combined log-likelihood probability of these two variances modeled through exploratory factor analysis, the unique variance (or the tissue motion) may be largely excluded. In the common variance, the dynamic blood flow may be separated from the static tissue structure, by integrating the factors that represent the relatively low levels of correlation. Compared to a direct differentiation of OCT or OCM scans, the present flow imaging algorithm improves the visualization of capillaries with reduced motion artifacts.

One or more devices, systems, methods, and storage mediums for performing imaging, for performing measurement(s), and/or for performing or controlling detector gain or photomultiplier tube gain using one or more imaging modalities are provided herein. Examples of applications include imaging, evaluating and diagnosing biological objects, such as, but not limited to, for Gastro-intestinal, cardio and/or ophthalmic applications, and being obtained via one or more optical instruments, such as, but not limited to, optical probes, catheters, capsules and needles (e.g., a biopsy needle). Devices, systems, methods, and storage mediums may include or involve a method, such as, but not limited to, for performing measurement(s) and/or controlling detector gain or photomultiplier gain, and may include or involve one or more imaging modalities, such as Optical Coherence Tomography and Fluorescence.

The present application in some embodiments relates to methods for reducing noise and/or clutter when measuring a spectrum, particularly but not only for OCT imaging. In some embodiments a light source is synchronized with a detector. For example a narrow band light source is synchronized with a narrow band detector. For example, the light source may scan over multiple frequency bands and/or the detector may be tuned to a frequency band synergetic to the band of the light source. For example the light source and detector may be tuned to overlapping narrow bands. Optionally the detector has a sensor set for each frequency band. Optionally some sensor sets are individually resettable. For example each set may have a reset circuit. For example, a sensor set for a band not currently being measured is deactivated.

The present invention relates to a multi-function spectroscopic device which includes a first lens installed in an emission direction of parallel light emitted by a parallel light generation part and configured to focus the light in a center portion thereof with respect to a light axis of the parallel light, a second lens disposed to face the first lens and configured to convert light which moves through a first focus of the first lens and is diffused into parallel light, a reference mirror installed to face the second lens to reflect light which moves through the second lens, a beam splitter installed between the first lens and the second lens and disposed to reflect some of the light which moves through the first lens in a direction intersecting a light axis of the first lens and to transmit the remaining light toward the second lens, a third lens configured to focus light which moves through the beam splitter onto a measurement object, a fourth lens configured to focus light which is reflected by the measurement object and reversely moves through the third mirror and the beam splitter, a fifth lens configured to convert light which is diffused through a second focus of the fourth lens into parallel light, and a diffraction grating obliquely disposed with respect to a light axis of the fifth lens and configured to diffract parallel light which moves through the fifth lens and split the parallel light. Such a multi-function spectroscopic device provides an advantage in that a film thickness, a surface shape, and a refractive index can be measured by using a desired measurement method using an integrated optical system.

An optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurement system for precision measurement of a translucent sample is provided. The system includes an optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging system comprising a broadband light source, a reference path with reference path length, and sample path with a beam scanning assembly and an imaging lens assembly; a sample positioning assembly including an immersion bath for positioning the translucent sample within an immersion bath; a position assembly for locating the translucent sample within a field of view (FOV) of the OCT imaging system; an immersion lens assembly associated with the imaging lens assembly configured to eliminate an air to bath refractive interface between a distal surface of the OCT imaging lens including an immersion tip and a surface of the bath; a first set of calibration parameters that relate a position of a scanning beam at an imaging plane to drive signals of the scanning assembly; and a second set of calibration parameters for relating an optical path length or optical path length variation of the scanning beam at an imaging plane to the position of the scanning beam or to the drive signals of the scanning assembly.

Using an optical tomography method of splitting low coherent light into sample light and reference-light, emitting the sample light to a measurement-target in a line shape, generating interference light by superimposing reflected light from the measurement-target due to emission of the sample light and the reference-light on each other, and acquiring a two-dimensional spectroscopic tomographic-image of the measurement-target by spectroscopically detecting the interference light and performing frequency analysis, an arbitrary wavelength region in an ultraviolet region is cut out from low coherent light including a wavelength region from an ultraviolet region to a visible region and the arbitrary wavelength region is shaped into a spectrum having an arbitrary wavelength width, the two-dimensional spectroscopic tomographic-image is acquired as using the low coherent light, and the penetration depth of the sample light for the measurement-target is evaluated based on the two-dimensional spectroscopic tomographic-image.

Various optical systems equipped with diode laser light sources are discussed in the present application. One example system includes a diode laser light source for providing a beam of radiation. The diode laser has a spectral output bandwidth when driven under equilibrium conditions. The system further includes a driver circuit to apply a pulse of drive current to the diode laser. The pulse causes a variation in the output wavelength of the diode laser during the pulse such that the spectral output bandwidth is at least two times larger than the spectral output bandwidth under the equilibrium conditions.

In a measurement by means of OCT, when dispersion is present in a measured target or an optical system in the vicinity of the measured target, resolution of the measurement is degraded. One spectral interference fringe intensity is acquired when a phase difference between measurement light and reference light is not introduced, two spectral interference fringe intensities are acquired in a time-series manner when a phase difference of π is introduced, a required calculation is performed based on the intensity, and a tomographic image not having reduced resolution due to dispersion is acquired.