In some embodiments, systems, methods, and media for multiple reference arm spectral domain optical coherence tomography are provided which, in some embodiments, includes: a sample arm coupled to a light source; a first reference arm having a first path length; a second reference arm having a longer second path length; a first optical coupler that combines light from the sample arm and the first reference arm; a second coupler that combines light from the sample arm and the second reference arm; and an optical switch comprising: a first input port coupled to the first optical coupler; a second input coupled to the second coupler via an optical waveguide that induces a delay at least equal to an acquisition time of an image sensor; and an output coupled to the image sensor.

A photo-detection system includes: a photo-detection apparatus including a light-shielding film, an optically-coupled layer, and a photodetector including first and second photo-detection cells; and an arithmetic circuit that generates, based on first signals and second signals, third signals each representing coherence of light having entered a position of each of the first and second photo-detection cells and generates at least one selected from the group consisting of an average value of the third signals, a standard deviation of the third signals, a ratio between the standard deviation and the average value, and a ratio between an average value of a first portion of the third signals based on light having entered the positions of the first photo-detection cells and an average value of a second portion of the third signals based on light having entered the positions of the second photo-detection cells.

Systems, methods, and devices for directed to duplex imaging techniques for combining high-resolution surface images obtained with a Scanning Fiber Endoscope (SFE), and high-resolution penetrating OCT images obtained through Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), from a SFE, and interleaving frames to improve resolution and identify below surface information of biological structures.

In some embodiments, systems, methods, and media for multiple reference arm spectral domain optical coherence tomography are provided which, in some embodiments, includes: a sample arm coupled to a light source; a first reference arm having a first path length; a second reference arm having a longer second path length; a first optical coupler that combines light from the sample arm and the first reference arm; a second coupler that combines light from the sample arm and the second reference arm; and an optical switch comprising: a first input port coupled to the first optical coupler; a second input coupled to the second coupler via an optical waveguide that induces a delay at least equal to an acquisition time of an image sensor; and an output coupled to the image sensor.

Systems, methods, and devices for directed to duplex imaging techniques for combining high-resolution surface images obtained with a Scanning Fiber Endoscope (SFE), and high-resolution penetrating OCT images obtained through Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), from a SFE, and interleaving frames to improve resolution and identify below surface information of biological structures.

An OCT examination device for recording an object comprises an OCT radiation source which emits OCT radiation, an OCT beam path, a housing, an exit opening formed in the housing for the OCT radiation of the OCT radiation source, an OCT exit direction of the radiation through the exit opening, a control unit connected to the OCT radiation source OCT radiation and configured to record a multiplicity of measurement profiles mutually separated in a recording period and, within the recording period, to drive the OCT radiation source in order to emit the OCT radiation and the OCT radiation receiver in order to receive the backscattered OCT radiation, and to keep an OCT output direction and an OCT exit direction constant with respect to one another in their angular orientation during the recording period.

An analysis apparatus includes an acquisition part that acquires a plurality of interference images based on lights having a plurality of different wavelengths from an interference measurement apparatus, a removing part that outputs an interference component by removing a non-interference component included in an interference signal for each pixel in the plurality of the interference images, a conversion part that generates an analysis signal by performing a Hilbert transformation on the interference component, and a calculation part that calculates a distance between a reference surface and a surface of an object to be measured by specifying a phase gradient of a wavelength of light radiated onto the reference surface and the surface of the object to be measured on the basis of the interference component and the analysis signal.

A method and system for determining a location of artefacts and/or inclusions in a gemstone, mineral or sample thereof, the method comprising the steps of: surface mapping a gemstone, mineral or sample thereof to determine surface geometry associated with at least a portion of a surface of the gemstone, mineral or sample thereof; sub-surface mapping the gemstone, mineral or sample thereof using an optical beam that is directed at the surface along an optical beam path, wherein the optical beam is generated by an optical source using an optical tomography process; determining a surface normal at the surface at an intersection point between the optical beam path and the determined surface geometry; determining relative positioning between the surface normal and the optical beam path; and determining the location of artefacts and/or inclusions in the gemstone, mineral or sample thereof based on the sub-surface mapping step and the determined relative positioning.

In an aspect, a method for imaging a target comprises steps of: performing optical coherence tomography (OCT) scanning on the target with one or more beams of source light, the one or more beams of source light comprising a plurality of wavelengths; wherein performing OCT scanning comprises: providing the source light to a reference optical path and to a sample optical path, wherein providing the source light to a sample optical path comprises illuminating the target with the source light; and recording interference data corresponding to an interaction of a light from the reference optical path and a light from the sample optical path; processing the interference data; and identifying blood or one or more blood-features in the target based on an optical attenuation of light in or associated with the sample optical path by the blood or the one or more blood-features.

An ophthalmological image processing apparatus includes an image obtaining portion for obtaining ophthalmological image data, which is captured by an imaging unit, of a subject eye, and an image processing portion for processing the ophthalmological image data. The image processing portion uses a first front image of the subject eye in a first depth region to correct a second front image of the subject eye captured in a second depth region which is different from the first depth region. The first front image and the second front image are constructed based on the ophthalmological image data. The ophthalmological image processing apparatus can reduce an artifact which is generated in an ophthalmological image.