A method is provided for measuring the wall thickness of hollow glass articles in a hollow glass production system, wherein the IR radiation emitted by each hollow glass article exiting the hot end of a glass forming machine is detected at least in areas mapped by a function, the same hollow glass article, after having passed through an annealing lehr, being measured in the circumferential direction with respect to a wall thickness distribution, and the detected wall thickness distribution being mapped by a function. Using correlation methods, it is checked whether the progression of the function is contained in the function, wherein if so, measured values of the wall thickness can be associated with the measured values of the IR radiation at the hot end, so that the wall thickness distribution of the hollow glass article is already known at the hot end and implementable for monitoring purposes.

A technique capable of controlling a film thickness distribution formed on a surface of a substrate includes: forming a film on a substrate by performing a cycle a predetermined number of times, the cycle including: (a) supplying a source to the substrate accommodated in a process chamber; (b) exhausting the source from the process chamber; (c) supplying a reactant to the substrate accommodated in the process chamber; and (d) exhausting the reactant from the process chamber, wherein (a) through (d) are performed non-simultaneously, and the cycle further includes at least one of: (e) starting a next step with the source remaining in a center portion of a substrate surface after a first predetermined time elapses from a start of (b); and (f) starting a next step with the reactant remaining in the center portion of the substrate's surface after a second predetermined time elapses from a start of (d).

A method of determining the thickness of an internal wall in a gas turbine engine component includes the steps of utilizing flash thermography to measure a complete thickness of a component between an outer wall and at least one enlarged cooling channel at a location where an outer cooling channel is positioned between the outer wall and the at least one enlarged cooling channel and where at least one member spans the cooling channel, such that the thickness is through the member which spans the outer cooling channel. An outer thickness of the component is measured from the outer wall to an outer wall of the outer cooling channel. A thickness is determined from an inner wall of the outer cooling channel to the at least one enlarged cooling channel by subtracting the measured outer thickness from the complete thickness, and also subtracting a known thickness of the outer cooling channel.

An online real-time method of measuring the thickness of a moving belt uses infrared thermography technology to continuously and noninvasively measure the thickness of rubber cover regions and detect damage. This technique solves technical problems and realizes potential gains such as increased efficiency in planning maintenance/replacements of conveyor belts; provides rationalizations and advanced planning for stocking spare conveyor belts; provides a lookahead of acute wear at points to avoid premature wear or belt loss; generates a history of generating wear after each belt replacement with life projections and early planning acquisitions and operational stoppages for exchange; and provides early warning system integration.

This disclosure relates generally to accretion detection, and more particularly to system and a method for accretion detection within an iron kiln. The iron kiln includes a cylindrical body for holding and processing molten iron ore. In one embodiment, method includes receiving, in real-time, a first plurality of temperature values from a plurality of sensors configured on distinct locations on the outer surface of the iron kiln and is associated with a distinct sensor ID. The plurality of temperature values are compared with a reference temperature value to identify deviation in temperature gradient associated with the outer surface. Subsequently on identifying the deviation corresponding to one or more sensors, a second plurality of temperature values of surrounding locations of the one or more sensors is recorded and the presence of the accretion in the iron kiln is determined based on the second plurality of temperature values.

Fluid flow systems can include one or more resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) in contact with the fluid flowing through the system. One or more RTDs can be operated in a heating mode and a measurement mode. Thermal behavior of the one or more RTDs can be analyzed to characterize a level of deposit formed on the RTD(s) from the fluid flowing through the system. Characterizations of deposition on RTDs operated at different temperatures can be used to establish a temperature-dependent deposition profile. The deposition profile can be used to determine if depositions are likely to form at certain locations in the fluid flow system, such as at a use device. Detected deposit conditions can initiate one or more corrective actions that can be taken to prevent or minimize deposit formation before deposits negatively impact operation of the fluid flow system.

Thermal methods and systems are described for the batch and/or continuous monitoring of films and/or membranes and/or electrodes produced in large-scale manufacturing lines. Some of the methods described include providing an energy input into a film, measuring a thermal response of the film, and correlating these to one or more physical properties and/or characteristics of the film.

An in-mold solidified shell thickness estimation apparatus includes: an input device; a model database configured to store a model formula and a parameter related to a solidification reaction of a molten steel inside a mold of a continuous casting facility; and a heat transfer model calculator configured to estimate an in-mold solidified shell thickness by calculating temperature distributions of the mold and of the molten steel inside the mold by solving a three-dimensional unsteady heat transfer equation. The heat transfer model calculator is configured to correct errors in a temperature of a mold copper plate and in an amount of heat removed from the mold, by correcting an overall heat transfer coefficient between the mold copper plate and the solidified shell.

The present invention provides a method of measuring the placement of material forming a blow-molded plastic container after the container is released from a mold of a blow molder having a plurality of molds, wherein each plastic container comprises a continuous sidewall and a base, the method comprising the steps of: detecting with an infrared camera infrared light emitted from the container after the container is released from a mold; converting the detected infrared light into corresponding electrical signals; transmitting the electrical signals to a microprocessor; comparing in the microprocessor the electrical signals with stored data regarding desired material distribution forming the plastic container; and producing output information regarding the placement of material forming the container.

A thermographic examination device for non-destructive examination of a near-surface structure at a test object includes a heating device for applying heat energy to a surface region to be heated of the test object; a thermal sensor device for detecting a time profile, following the application of heat energy, of a spatial temperature distribution on a surface region to be measured of the test object, the surface region to be measured including the surface region to be heated as well as an outer surface region to be measured which is adjacent to the surface region to be heated; and an evaluator for evaluating the time profile of the spatial temperature distribution so as to detect at least one parameter of the near-surface structure at the surface region to be measured.