A signal processing apparatus comprising: a first gain-adjustable amplifier receiving the first input signal and generating a first output signal according to a gain; a first magnitude detector receiving the first output signal and generating a first magnitude signal; a first adder for subtracting the first magnitude signal from a reference value, thereby generating a first sampling signal; and a first weighting integrator receiving the first input signal, the second input signal and the first sampling signal, and generating the first integrated signal to control the gain of the first gain-adjustable amplifier.

A signal processing apparatus receiving a first input signal and the first input signal being directly used as a first output signal. The signal processing apparatus comprising: a first gain-adjustable amplifier receiving the first input signal and generating a gain-adjusted first input signal according to a gain; a first adder for subtracting the gain-adjusted first input signal from the second input signal, thereby generating a second output signal; and a weighting correlator receiving the first output signal and the second output signal, and generating the first integrated signal to control the gain.

A signal processing apparatus comprising: a first gain-adjustable amplifier receiving the first input signal and generating a gain-adjusted first input signal according to a first gain; a first adder for subtracting the gain-adjusted first input signal from the second input signal, thereby generating a second output signal; a second gain-adjustable amplifier receiving the second input signal and generating a gain-adjusted second input signal according to a second gain; a second adder for subtracting the gain-adjusted second input signal from the first input signal, thereby generating a first output signal; and a weighting correlator receiving the first output signal and the second output signal, and generating the first integrated signal to control the first gain and the second gain.

A signal processing apparatus comprising: a first gain-adjustable amplifier receiving the first input signal and generating a first output signal according to a gain; a first magnitude detector receiving the first output signal and generating a first magnitude signal; a first adder for subtracting the first magnitude signal from a reference value, thereby generating a first sampling signal; and a first weighting integrator receiving the first input signal, the second input signal and the first sampling signal, and generating the first integrated signal to control the gain of the first gain-adjustable amplifier.

A signal processing apparatus comprising: a first gain-adjustable amplifier receiving the first input signal and generating a gain-adjusted first input signal according to a first gain; a first adder for subtracting the gain-adjusted first input signal from the second input signal, thereby generating a second output signal; a second gain-adjustable amplifier receiving the second input signal and generating a gain-adjusted second input signal according to a second gain; a second adder for subtracting the gain-adjusted second input signal from the first input signal, thereby generating a first output signal; and a weighting correlator receiving the first output signal and the second output signal, and generating the first integrated signal to control the first gain and the second gain.

A signal processing apparatus receiving a first input signal and the first input signal being directly used as a first output signal. The signal processing apparatus comprising: a first gain-adjustable amplifier receiving the first input signal and generating a gain-adjusted first input signal according to a gain; a first adder for subtracting the gain-adjusted first input signal from the second input signal, thereby generating a second output signal; and a weighting correlator receiving the first output signal and the second output signal, and generating the first integrated signal to control the gain.

A signal processing apparatus includes an adder and a weighting integrator. The adder receives a first input signal and an integrated signal, and generates a first output signal. The first output signal is obtained by subtracting the integrated signal from the first input signal. The weighting integrator receives the first output signal, and generates the integrated signal. The weighting integrator includes a weighting function generator, a multiplier, and an accumulator. The weighting function generator receives the first output signal. When the first output signal crosses a zero crossing point, the weighting function generator generates a weighting function. The multiplier performs a multiplication on the weighting function and the first output signal. The accumulator is connected to the multiplier for accumulating the product of the weighting function and the first output signal, thereby generating the integrated signal.

The sensor is configured to provide a digital output signal and has a digital detector, which is configured to detect a physical quantity and generate a conditioned digital signal indicative of the detected physical quantity; and a rate modification stage, configured to receive the conditioned digital signal and a group of parameters, the group of parameters comprising an interpolation factor and a downsampling factor, and to provide the digital output signal. The rate modification stage has an interpolator and a decimation element. The interpolator is configured to receive and to upsample the conditioned digital signal based on the interpolation factor and to provide an interpolated signal. The decimation element is configured to downsample the interpolated signal based on the downsampling factor, thereby generating the digital output signal.