A cooling circuit for a fuel cell includes at least one channel, a mechanical support, a first sensor, and a second sensor. Each channel is formed in a bipolar plate of the fuel cell, and is adapted to permit a cooling fluid to flow. The first sensor senses a flow rate of the cooling fluid. The second sensor senses an electrical conductivity of the cooling fluid. Both the first sensor and the second sensor are installed on the mechanical support.

A circuit arrangement (1) for monitoring the temperature of an electronic component (2), which, in particular, can be impinged with an electric current and can be connected to at least one voltage source (3). The circuit arrangement is able to guarantee safe monitoring of the temperature of an electronic component impinged with electric current by the electronic component (2) being part of at least one Wheatstone bridge (7) and by at least one switching device (8) being provided that influences the impingement of the electronic component (2) with electric current on the basis of a bridge transverse voltage of the Wheatstone bridge (7). Additionally, circuit arrangement (1) is well suited for use in a calorimetric mass flowmeter (18).

Methods and apparatuses associated with an example flow sensing device are provided. In some examples, the flow sensing device may include a flow cap component and a sensor component. In some examples, the flow cap component may include a heating element disposed in a first layer of the flow cap component. In some examples, the sensor component may include at least one thermal sensing element disposed in a second layer of the sensor component. In some examples, the first layer and the second layer are noncoplanar. In some examples, the flow cap component may be bonded to a first surface of the sensor component to form a flow channel. In some examples, the first layer and the second layer may be noncoplanar and separated by the flow channel.

Methods and apparatuses associated with an example flow sensing device are provided. In some examples, the flow sensing device may include a flow cap component and a sensor component. In some examples, the flow cap component may include a heating element disposed in a first layer of the flow cap component. In some examples, the sensor component may include at least one thermal sensing element disposed in a second layer of the sensor component. In some examples, the first layer and the second layer are noncoplanar. In some examples, the flow cap component may be bonded to a first surface of the sensor component to form a flow channel. In some examples, the first layer and the second layer may be noncoplanar and separated by the flow channel.

A thermal, flow measuring device for ascertaining a mass flow or a flow velocity of a medium in a pipe. The thermal, flow measuring device has at least one measuring transducer with at least a first and a second sensor element. The first sensor element has a pin-shaped metal sleeve, which has a lowest point on a wall of the metal sleeve in the gravitational direction, wherein there is arranged in the metal sleeve at least one heating means, especially a heatable temperature sensor. The heating means is arranged in the metal sleeve and above the aforementioned point in the gravitational direction, in such a manner that the maximum heat input per unit area from the heating means into the medium occurs in the gravitational direction above the point.

A physical quantity measurement device includes a housing forming a through flow path, and a measurement flow path branching from the through flow path. A physical quantity sensor is provided in the measurement flow path. An inner surface of the housing includes an inlet ceiling surface and an inlet floor surface which face each other and define an inlet through path that is between and connects an inlet of the through flow path and an inlet of the measurement flow path, The inlet ceiling surface includes a ceiling inclined surface that extends from the inlet of the through flow path and is inclined with respect to the inlet floor surface. A distance between the ceiling inclined surface and the inlet floor surface gradually decreases in a direction from the inlet of the through flow path toward an outlet of the through flow path.

A physical quantity measurement device includes a housing forming a through flow path, and a measurement flow path branching from the through flow path. A physical quantity sensor is provided in the measurement flow path. An inner surface of the housing includes an inlet ceiling surface and an inlet floor surface which face each other and define an inlet through path that is between and connects an inlet of the through flow path and an inlet of the measurement flow path, The inlet ceiling surface includes a ceiling inclined surface that extends from the inlet of the through flow path and is inclined with respect to the inlet floor surface. A distance between the ceiling inclined surface and the inlet floor surface gradually decreases in a direction from the inlet of the through flow path toward an outlet of the through flow path.

A sensor includes a heater, a thermal insulator between two thermometer layers, the heater generating a thermal gradient within the thermal insulator. The thermometers give an indirect measurement of fluid flow around the sensor, based on their temperature readings. The thermometers are flexible layers including gels.

A sensor includes a heater, a thermal insulator between two thermometer layers, the heater generating a thermal gradient within the thermal insulator. The thermometers give an indirect measurement of fluid flow around the sensor, based on their temperature readings. The thermometers are flexible layers including gels.

Systems and methods for determining the flow distribution of a fluid through a component with a sensing cable including an optical fiber sensor array aligned with a heating element disposed in the component. An excitation source is configured to propagate at least one heat pulse through the heating element along at least a portion of the sensing cable to affect an exchange of thermal energy between the heating element and the fluid exposed to the sensing cable. An optical signal is adapted to receive a signal from each of a plurality of sensor locations and measure a temperature profile corresponding to the heat pulse at the sensor locations. A control unit is configured to determine a flow of the fluid by determining one or more properties of the fluid exposed to the sensing cable at each of the plurality of sensor locations based on the temperature profile corresponding thereto. The present invention can be effective in accurate and high spatial resolution of flow distributions through vessel components, such as a particulate bed (such as a reactor catalyst bed), a wash bed including packing material, an absorbent bed, a structured bed, a filter, or the like.