The present invention relates to a system for detecting deposits or chemical inhibitor close to or on the surface of electrodes or pins facing a fluid flow where any combination of the components oil, water, gas and a chemical inhibitor fluid could be present, and where the electrodes or pins are coupled to measuring means for monitoring the electrical characteristics of the flow, the electrical characteristics including the complex impedance or complex permittivity. The system comprises detecting means transmitting a signal indicating presence of deposit or chemical inhibitor if the real part of the complex impedance, in case of hydrocarbon continuous flow, or the imaginary part of the complex impedance, in case of water continuous flow deviates from predetermined limits related to the electrical characteristics of the said flow.

In circuitry for applying a pulse train to excite a transducer, the circuitry selects a first set having a first number of pulses at a first frequency and a second set of pulses having a second number of pulses at a second frequency differing from the first frequency. At least one pulse from the first set is located in the pulse train between one or more of the pulses at the second frequency.

In circuitry for applying a pulse train to excite a transducer, the circuitry selects a first set having a first number of pulses at a first frequency and a second set of pulses having a second number of pulses at a second frequency differing from the first frequency. At least one pulse from the first set is located in the pulse train between one or more of the pulses at the second frequency.

Disclosed is a system for automatically measuring a discharge in real time based on a CCTV image. The system includes: a water depth measurement device filtering water depth data measured by a measurement means with a local linear regression-based bivariate scatterplot smoothing technique through flexible bandwidth application to calculate the water depth of a stream; an image acquisition device acquiring a continuous image of a flow speed measurement side of the stream; an image analysis PC using an image of the image acquisition device to measure the surface flow speed in real time and receiving a measured water depth from the water depth measurement device to measure the discharge in real time with cross-section data; and a discharge calculation and management server for transmitting and displaying a real-time discharge measurement result based on a web.

Disclosed is a system for automatically measuring a discharge in real time based on a CCTV image. The system includes: a water depth measurement device filtering water depth data measured by a measurement means with a local linear regression-based bivariate scatterplot smoothing technique through flexible bandwidth application to calculate the water depth of a stream; an image acquisition device acquiring a continuous image of a flow speed measurement side of the stream; an image analysis PC using an image of the image acquisition device to measure the surface flow speed in real time and receiving a measured water depth from the water depth measurement device to measure the discharge in real time with cross-section data; and a discharge calculation and management server for transmitting and displaying a real-time discharge measurement result based on a web.

The invention relates to a method for detecting a material flow (10), comprising the following steps: generating a transmitted THz beam (3) by means of a THz sensor (2), guiding the transmitted THz beam (3, 3-1, 3-2) through a material flow (10) along at least one first optical axis (A1), reflecting the transmitted THz beam (3, 3-1, 3-2) which has passed through the material flow (10) by means of at least one reflector mirror (8, 9) detecting the reflected THz reflection beam (4) and generating a signal amplitude (Sa), determining a reflector peak in the signal amplitude (Sa) corresponding to the reflector mirror, evaluating (analyzing) the determined reflector peak in an evaluating step and determining material properties of the material flow (10) depending on the evaluating step.

Hereby, in particular, it is possible to first carry out a calibration measurement of a guiding device without any material flow (10), while storing the signal amplitude and/or a determined reflector peak of the signal amplitude, and subsequently guiding the material flow (10) through the guiding device (5) and acquiring the signal amplitude, so as to determine differences of the signal amplitude of the calibration measurement and the subsequent measurement with the material flow (10).

The invention relates to a method for detecting a material flow (10), comprising the following steps: generating a transmitted THz beam (3) by means of a THz sensor (2), guiding the transmitted THz beam (3, 3-1, 3-2) through a material flow (10) along at least one first optical axis (A1), reflecting the transmitted THz beam (3, 3-1, 3-2) which has passed through the material flow (10) by means of at least one reflector mirror (8, 9) detecting the reflected THz reflection beam (4) and generating a signal amplitude (Sa), determining a reflector peak in the signal amplitude (Sa) corresponding to the reflector mirror, evaluating (analyzing) the determined reflector peak in an evaluating step and determining material properties of the material flow (10) depending on the evaluating step.

Hereby, in particular, it is possible to first carry out a calibration measurement of a guiding device without any material flow (10), while storing the signal amplitude and/or a determined reflector peak of the signal amplitude, and subsequently guiding the material flow (10) through the guiding device (5) and acquiring the signal amplitude, so as to determine differences of the signal amplitude of the calibration measurement and the subsequent measurement with the material flow (10).

A supply tube assembly for measuring a liquid agricultural product application rate. An upstream portion of a supply tube has an upstream portion outlet end. A downstream portion has a downstream portion inlet end. The sensor body assembly includes a sensor body, a first sensing plate, and a second sensing plate. The sensor body has a sensor inlet end positioned to receive an inlet flow of the liquid agricultural product from the upstream portion and a sensor outlet end positioned to receive an outlet flow of the liquid agricultural product. The sensor body is an enclosure having a cross sectional area larger than the cross sectional area of the upstream portion of the supply tube and the downstream portion of the supply tube. Electronic components are configured to measure the liquid agricultural product application rate between the first sensing plate and the second sensing plate.

A supply tube assembly for measuring a liquid agricultural product application rate. An upstream portion of a supply tube has an upstream portion outlet end. A downstream portion has a downstream portion inlet end. The sensor body assembly includes a sensor body, a first sensing plate, and a second sensing plate. The sensor body has a sensor inlet end positioned to receive an inlet flow of the liquid agricultural product from the upstream portion and a sensor outlet end positioned to receive an outlet flow of the liquid agricultural product. The sensor body is an enclosure having a cross sectional area larger than the cross sectional area of the upstream portion of the supply tube and the downstream portion of the supply tube. Electronic components are configured to measure the liquid agricultural product application rate between the first sensing plate and the second sensing plate.

A method of fluid flow velocity measurement includes emitting a beam from a light source via a first window into a pipe through which a fluid flows, the beam illuminating the fluid flowing in the pipe, using a light detector array, which is coupled via a second window to the pipe and which is outside a field of view of the light detector, to detect light caused by scattering of the beam with particles found in the fluid, and determining a velocity of the fluid flowing in the pipe as a function of signals from the light detector array.