An apparatus and a method for detecting water flowing into a battery system is disclosed. The apparatus includes a detection circuit unit to output different voltage values based on a level of water flowing into the battery system, and a water inflow determining unit to measure a voltage value output from the detection circuit unit and to determine a water inflow state of the battery system based on the measured voltage value.

A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack, a gas liquid separator, a water level sensor, a drain valve, and a control unit. When a failure detection processing method is performed, a control unit makes a determination of main conditions where the water level sensor determines that water is present, a power generation current value of the fuel cell stack is not more than a predetermined current threshold value, a drain valve for discharging water in the gas liquid separator is open. Then, the control unit counts elapsed time when the main conditions are satisfied, and in the case where the main conditions are kept satisfied for the elapsed time which is larger than a time threshold value, the control unit determines that the water level sensor has a failure.

A flood sensor apparatus configured to send a signal to a computing device causing the computing device to turn off a utility at a site experiencing a flood. The flood sensor apparatus may include a housing and a back cover which, when coupled together, form gaps along a perimeter of the flood sensor apparatus such that fluid (e.g., water) may quickly fill and drain an interior of the housing. These gaps may be large enough such that the fluid may quickly fill and drain the interior of the housing but small enough that debris may not clog the gap or enter the interior of the housing. The back cover may include a rib extending from an inner face of the back cover and that that runs along a perimeter of the inner face. The rib may prevent tampering of a flood sensor located in the interior of the housing by blocking any object that may be inserted into the gaps.

A heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system, fluid level sensor and method of detecting and resolving condensate line blockages are provided. A plurality of sensor probes are attached to a drain system of an HVAC system such that each probe detects a different level of fluid. Responsive to determining that the sensor probe is contacting fluid, an action of a hierarchy of actions is initiated, wherein each action is associated with one of the sensor probes of the plurality of sensor probes. Repeating the determining and initiating steps for each sensor probe of the plurality of sensor probes until all actions in the hierarchy of actions have been initiated sequentially.

Liquid waste is temporarily received by a liquid waste receiver that is provided on a discharge path for liquid waste generated in an analyzer to a liquid waste tank. An outflow liquid receiver is arranged adjacent to the liquid waste receiver, the liquid waste receiver and the outflow liquid receiver are partitioned by a partition having a certain height, and a liquid sensor is arranged in the outflow liquid receiver. In a case where an abnormality occurs in discharging of the liquid waste, the liquid waste accumulated in the liquid waste receiver flows over the partition to flow into the outflow liquid receiver, and is detected by the liquid sensor. Because the liquid waste flows into the outflow liquid receiver only in a case where an abnormality occurs in discharging of the liquid waste, an abnormality in discharging of the liquid waste can be detected by the liquid sensor.

An implementation of the present teachings includes a resistor structure for measuring a level of a print material such as a liquid metal print material within a reservoir of a printer such as a magnetohydrodynamic printer. The resistor structure includes a first electrode and a second electrode that are physically and electrically separated from each other. When positioned within the reservoir, the liquid metal physically contacts the first electrode and the second electrode. An electrical resistance between the first and second electrodes changes depending on the level of the print material within the reservoir. As the level of the print material decreases, the electrical resistance between the first electrode and the second electrode increases. The electrical resistance can be measured and used to determine a level of the print material within the reservoir.

An object is to provide a sensor system including a sensor that operates on a self-sustaining power source. A sensor system includes one or more sensors and a computer device capable of making a communication connection with the sensor, the sensor including: a first conductive part and a second conductive part; and a functional part, the first conductive part and the functional part being connected to each other, the second conductive part and the functional part being connected to each other, the first conductive part and the second conductive part being not in contact with each other, and the functional part operating by an input voltage generated when at least a part of the first conductive part and the second conductive part comes into contact with water, and transmitting a signal to the computer device.

The application discloses an apparatus and a method for determining and/or monitoring at least one predefined filling level of a medium in a container at least with a sensor unit and an electronic unit, wherein the electronic unit is configured to apply an excitation signal to the sensor unit and to receive a reception signal from the sensor unit, and wherein the electronic unit comprises at least one first computing unit which is configured to determine at least the predefined filling level from the reception signal in a normal operating mode, a second computing unit which is configured to make a statement relating to the state of the sensor unit in a diagnostic operating mode, at least one buffer which is configured to store the at least one statement relating to the state of the sensor unit and is electrically connected to the first computing unit and to the second computing unit, and at least one switching element which can be used to switch back and forth between the normal operating mode and the diagnostic operating mode.

A sensing structure in an example may include at least three electrodes along an interior surface of a reservoir from a top portion of the reservoir to a bottom portion of the reservoir wherein at least one of the electrodes is closer to at least another electrode at the top portion of the reservoir than at the bottom portion of the reservoir.

Disclosed in various embodiments are an electronic device for confirming whether submergence of the electronic device has occurred by using a submergence recognition circuit, and an operating method, the electronic device comprising: a power control circuit for controlling power supplied to at least one component of the electronic device; at least one submergence recognition circuit including a first pole connected to at least one port of the power control circuit, and a second pole connected to a ground; a processor electrically connected to the power control circuit; and a memory electrically connected to the processor, wherein the memory can be configured, during execution thereof, to store instructions for allowing the processor to: control the power control circuit such that power is supplied to the submergence recognition circuit; sense a current flowing from the submergence recognition circuit to the power control circuit; and determine, on the basis of the sensing result of the current, whether an area in which the submergence recognition circuit is arranged has been submerged. Additional various embodiments are possible.